The UK government has put forward amendments to the UK-US Mutual Defence Agreement (MDA), aiming to secure the continuity of nuclear cooperation between the two nations.

A significant aspect of these amendments is the removal of the expiry date for certain provisions within the agreement, which is set to expire in December 2024. These changes were outlined in Command Paper 1135, published on 25 July 2024.

According to a research briefing by Claire Mills for the House of Commons, “Many of the proposed changes are minor technical amendments relating to outdated language, definitions and terminology and to reflect the different classifications of information that may be exchanged under the MDA.” However, three key amendments are particularly noteworthy:

  1. Article 4 establishes reciprocal provisions for naval nuclear propulsion cooperation, allowing the UK to transfer technology and share information with the US.
  2. Article 5 removes the expiry provisions related to Article III bis, allowing the MDA to remain in force on an “enduring basis.” Consequently, the agreement will not require renewal every ten years.
  3. Article 13 introduces provisions to ensure that information, material, or equipment shared under the MDA will remain protected if the agreement is terminated by either party in the future.

The MDA, established in 1958, facilitates the exchange of nuclear materials, technology, and information between the UK and the US. It is crucial for maintaining the UK’s independent nuclear capability while fostering collaboration with the US.

The memorandum accompanying the proposed changes states that “the MDA forms the basis for UK-US cooperation on the safe and reliable maintenance of the UK’s nuclear deterrent.”

These proposed amendments come in response to a more volatile international security environment, as both the UK and the US continue to modernise their strategic nuclear deterrents. The briefing also notes the importance of the amendments in “ensuring cooperation in the future” and making naval nuclear propulsion provisions reciprocal.

As the amendments progress through parliamentary scrutiny, the deadline for any resolution opposing ratification is set for 23 October 2024. Under the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010, both Houses of Parliament can review the proposed changes, although only the House of Commons has the power to block ratification indefinitely.

George Allison
George has a degree in Cyber Security from Glasgow Caledonian University and has a keen interest in naval and cyber security matters and has appeared on national radio and television to discuss current events. George is on Twitter at @geoallison

27 COMMENTS

  1. Sounds reasonable. Having something that has lasted so long continue until Parliament actively stops it, rather than wasting their time periodically renewing it, seems like a no brainer.

      • Trump is an opportunist, if he wins first thing he will do is throw Ukraine under the bus the phrase, they make a desert and call it peace comes to mind

          • In January 2020, the nonpartisan Government Accountability Office concluded that Trump abused his power by telling Zelenskyy the U.S. would provide Ukraine with security assistance and he would grant Zelenskyy a White House meeting only if Zelenskyy announced investigations into Trump’s political rivals. The House impeached Trump for this matter in 2019; the Senate acquitted him in 2020.

          • A firm no nonsense statement from Trump stating that he would do whatever it takes to allow the Ukrainians to push out the Russians would be do him many favours at home and abroad. It is the lack of such leadership which many have realised suggests he seems nieve on defence issues.

        • It was the closest the UK had been to having one so technically yes. However how much of that was down to the relationship between him and Boris will be an unknown, unless he gets back in and see if he puts one forward for the UK then.

        • Trump is the only resistance against the Totalitarian Democrats. Trump do not cares if you eat meat, if you have a SUV or EV, if you say bad things about him in twitter or New York Times,
          Instead the culture of Kamala and her sinister sidekick Waltz is totalitarian, They care about everything. There is no stop, inspired by her Marxist father and the culture of Democratic party that have been changing fast since Clinton.

  2. The MDA is a treaty and any amendments require the approval of 2/3rds of the US Senate. The chances of extending the treaty indefinitely without an expiration date are slim and none.

    • Would you like to put money on that ? It’s an election year and 000’s of US defense jobs are wrapped up in this and the AUKUS project.
      MDA was a US Republican Treaty in the 1st place.

      • The FT agrees with you, unlike the click bate title and minimal article UKDJ has on the subject they have put out a full break down. It’s not Britain proposing this like we are some fucking beggar it’s a mutual agreement that’s been worked in since AUKUS and the Biden Whitehouse has already put this forward to congress and it’s expect to pass with little difficulty.

        This is just yet another article made to make the UK look bad, when the reality is this should be a celebration.

        The world’s most powerful nation doesn’t hand out freebies (except to Israel). The US doesn’t have anything like this cooperation with any other nation. Clearly they value UK involvement as much as we value theirs.

        • Like I mentioned to you a few weeks ago. It’s not that Biden and the Democrats dislike the UK as some would have you think. There was a general feeling in US political circles (Dems and Reps) after Brexit that the UK was being pulled to the far right and Brexit looked like the first domino falling for a divided Europe. You didn’t get much complaining from the maga repubs because they only cared about what Trump thought and he looks like he’s always trying his best to please Putin.

          • I don’t think any US politician of any political party thinks much about the UK or anything beyond US boarders since Clinton. It’s not Biden or anyone in the Democrats coming up with extending this treaty. I doubt few even know it’s exists. The Republican’s no longer exist as a coherent political body they are just a collection of individuals pursuing their own short term political gains at the cost of anything and everything America use to hold dear.

            Fortunately for us all US UK cooperation runs at a much deeper level than politicians. It’s the military, security services, diplomatic core and civil service that drive it and this is an example of that.

            But clearly as the US has entered into a historic treaty with the UK designed to project power in the pacific even though the UK is a small island in the Atlantic and it’s now extending the most sensitive military technology sharing agreement in history to be an indefinite agreement it shows just how much the US values its relationship with the UK even if the politician’s like Vance and Biden shoot their mouths of about us.

            It’s not doing any of this with Israel, France, Germany, Japan, Canada or anyone else.

          • Yes, it’s at one or two levels down from the presidential, where all the the decisions are made. Influenced by a whole spectrum of pressure groups.

  3. Probably the most important U.K. Defence announcement this decade. And I’m not joking as it ensures stability, sustainability and future proofs commitment.

  4. If Britain was attacked I wonder Who would say they are British as it seems to be. I reckon alot would flee the country and say they’re not British but say they are??? I wonder…
    I shouldn’t think there are many capable as an ageing population as the youngest don’t want to fight even said so! The way t
    hings are going on We have lost the Country!

  5. Well I suppose Britain don’t need an air force army or Navy! Just press a few buttons then perhaps we will get a bit of peace then!

  6. The bible says they is an indication that the world will destroyed the second time around! Nuclear weapons burns and they say the World’s getting hotter. It seems the world’s people have turned wicked, especially these days, it ain’t safe for woman to walk along the green at night not even the a guy, used too be able! All our pubs are gone or pulled down they prefer drugs these days and smoking pot! We want our pubs back and our Churches!!! It isn’t in the Koran I was told Allah forbids all alcohol. It’s alright then to take and sell drugs but one cannot have a pint, one can’t pulled down or made into a temple or some others. Carry on Britain the way things are going well will all be snuffed out!

  7. The US cannot be trusted however. Look at the transfer of nuclear research and development during WW2. Then Suez, the Afghanistan withdrawal etc.

    A convenient ally when it suits.

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