HMS Queen Elizabeth and her aircraft have been joined by frigate HMS Kent and a nuclear submarine while on Exercise Crimson Ocean.

Cdre Steve Moorhouse, Commander of the UK Carrier Strike Group, said in a tweet that the scale and complexity is increasing each day during Ex CRIMSON OCEAN.

https://twitter.com/smrmoorhouse/status/1275360828104073223

This is all part of a journey to enable the carrier, her aircraft and her escorts to deploy operationally next year. Next year, HMS Queen Elizabeth will deploy with two frigates, two destroyers, a nuclear submarine and support vessels.

Commodore Michael Utley, Commander United Kingdom Carrier Strike Group, is reported by Save The Royal Navy here as saying that HMS Queen Elizabeth will be escorted by two Type 45 destroyers, two Type 23 frigates, a nuclear submarine, a Tide-class tanker and RFA Fort Victoria.

The ship will also carry 24 F-35B jets, including US Marine Corps aircraft, in addition to a number of helicopters.

Prior to the deployment, it is understood that the Queen Elizabeth carrier strike group will go through a work-up trial off the west Hebrides range sometime in early 2021.

When asked about whether or not the UK has enough escorts to do this without impacting other commitment, Defence Secretary Ben Wallace said:

“The size and the scale of the escort depends on the deployments and the task that the carrier is involved in. If it is a NATO tasking in the north Atlantic, for example, you would expect an international contribution to those types of taskings, in the same way as we sometimes escort the French carrier or American carriers to make up that.

It is definitely our intention, though, that the carrier strike group will be able to be a wholly UK sovereign deployable group. Now, it is probably not necessary to do that every single time we do it, depending on the tasking, but we want to do that and test doing it. Once we have done that, depending on the deployment, of course, we will cut our cloth as required.”

It is understood that the 2021 deployment will see the Carrier Strike Group sail in the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf and end up in the Pacific.

George Allison
George has a degree in Cyber Security from Glasgow Caledonian University and has a keen interest in naval and cyber security matters and has appeared on national radio and television to discuss current events. George is on Twitter at @geoallison

122 COMMENTS

  1. Interesting, thanks for the article.
    I have looked the numbers and we do have enough ships to provide two frigates, two destroyers and a nuclear sub to a QE without impacting other deployments.

    However… this does assume maximum numbers of available ships and subs which I appreciate isn’t the case at the moment (7 subs, 6 destroyers, 13 frigates)
    And it also takes into account that routinely now the RN is using support ships in place of frigates and destroyers for some routine deployments.

    The only down side to this is that you can only do it once every cycle, meaning the other QE carrier will have no escorts available. So 1/3 of the time you can have this outfit, but then that’s your lot.
    As the second QE is not ready yet, nor will it be when the QE takes her first deployment, this will negate the need to provide escorts to a second carrier in the first cycle of 3.

    What I firmly imagine they will do when both ships are fully operational is assign one asw frigate to each carrier, leaving 6 for other duties, so you always have one carrier and one asw frigate, and then build on this as required.

    I don’t see the harm in a type 45 joining up with them as part of their routine deployment either, that would give in most cases a 26 and 45 for each carrier.

    Subs are a problem, and there is no getting around that. But as per usual, I believe we will have just about enough ships to give the carriers just about enough suitable coverage for most situations in the next few years. .

    • Doesn’t leave much wriggle room does it. Unfortunately that’s the reality of a fleet that’s nowhere near the size it used to be.
      M@

      • Smaller in size but vastly superior in quality, a QE with two T45 and Two T23 would have been far superior if sent south in 83than a fleet of dozens of frigates able to do little more than catch bullets with their hulls.

          • Cheers Basra. I agree the modern vessels are quite capable, but my concern is that it only takes an engine fault or power failure on 1 of our T45s and that’s an entire sixth of the destroyer fleet out of service. Putting that into perspective, if a T45 gets into trouble that’s attached to the carrier group that’s half the dedicated air/missile defence gone.
            Imagine going to the Falklands for round two and one of the T45s turning back half way or breaking down.
            I guess that’s the balancing act of cost Vs quality Vs quantity
            M@

    • There is only going to be 1 carrier held at high readiness/deployed the other will be in refit,training or what ever so we can have a full UK strike group deployed once a year if we want.In reality resources will be pushed to wherever they are needed most at the time.At the end of the day Carrier strike is as much a political tool allowing us to use the threat of force if we wish to,it can still be in port at high readiness.

    • The plan has always been for 1 carrier, 1 air group. The other might have helicopters, used for training, testing UAV ( as 1sL as said ) or alongside.

      If WW3 broke out it would be used, put F35 from the OEU/OCU if need be, put USMC aircraft on it, split the available F35 to have 12 on each rather than 24 on one, whatever.

      Other NATO and non NATO nations like Australia will also chip in depending what the mission is. I read somewhere the Dutch had already committed to this?

      As Defence Secretary Wallace said, we cut our cloth as required. Some were taking that the wrong way I feel. He means the escort is tailored by the mission and the assets available, from all allies.

      The key is that the UK has this capability if a war situation requires it to be assembled.

      The RN’s QEC capability should not be seen alike the USN CBG’s, constantly sailing the oceans waiting for something.

      SSN is interesting, as I believe the RN hunter killer fleet has always operated alone, not in an escort role? If that is changing then it is obvious that some carrier group sailings will be without direct SSN cover unless the USN or French assist.

      • Right, it’s been said countless times, including in the article above, that we will cut our cloth as appropriate.

        We are a great soft power, we have many friends all over the free world. They will be providing escorts routinely and this is a great thing, not something to be ashamed of.

        Canadian and Australian Type 26’s, American cruisers and destroyers, and Light frigates and corvettes from smaller friends and allies, as well as land based P8 coverage and space assets.

        It would be stupid to deploy all our resources when we have these available to us.

      • I’m not sure the sub is optional either, I think we have to always have 1 with the carrier.

        Perhaps the Americans and French can Provide sub cover in our areas of responsibilities while we only have one available and it’s with the carrier.

        Norway can also chip in with their fantastic AIP subs.

        • The frigates are not really optional either as they provide anti-sub protection along with extra surface protection. The group they have now is pretty much the minimum that is needed.

          We need a some more ships. I really think we should keep some of the type 23s and refit them. They will then be able to commit the type 26s to carrier groups and other higher profile missions while the 23s can be tasked with missions closer to home like escorting foreign vessels through the channel etc.even if we kept just 2 it would make a big difference.

          • I agree with that Lee.

            There are others more knowledgeable than me though that have suggested it was a bad idea keeping older units active, even as reserve status.

          • It really has been covered a lot on here over the past few weeks and months, but it really boils cost, maintenance and people.

            Modern warships are extremely complex beasts, and even in reserve will require constant attention. The hull will need regular inspections and onboard equipment will need to be tested and maintained, with any defects quickly resolved. To not do so would increase the time and costs of full reactivation. Externally, you have to factor in the effects of weather and even wildlife, making sure that any corrosion is rectified before it gets any worse. The bottom line is you’ll need to continue to treat the ship with the same care and attention as an active frontline warship. That requires a team of talented people, some of which would be better served looking

            As we’ve seen with some of the more recent lay-ups, Some of the more delicate equipment is removed for safe storage on land. However, if this is removed incorrectly or forcibly, you’ll also add time and money to the reactivation of the ship as these defects will need to be rectified. Similarly, with much of the equipment from the T23 hulls set to be stripped for use on the T26 and possibly T31 hulls, you’d have to find weaponry/radar/sensor/IT fits from… somewhere.

            This leads me on to another issue: the supply chain. You’ll also have to contend with this running down, with contracts closing as the fleet decommissions in favour of the newer vessels. This always happens when an asset goes out of service, with a recent example being the Tornado. If you know you’re going to get rid of an older asset, you eventually cease the procurement contracts associated with it and sign new ones to provide services for the newer assets. A one-time purchase of spares is risky, as you’d be spending a lot of money on something which may never be used. That money would be better spent going towards a new hull or towards providing a better armament to those already in-service. Sure, you could strip some vessels to keep the others going, but this treasure trove would run out eventually.

            Crewing will also be an issue. While recruitment and retention currently look positive, the T23 will require more people to man it than the newer generation of frigates. Perhaps more importantly, this crew will have to be trained on how use a platform that’s unfamiliar to them and increasingly dated. Indeed, at some point, training will switch to the T26/T31, with less focus on the T23.

            As experienced individuals leave the service and new hands join up, you’ll find that you have less people around who’ve worked on the T23, which will make bringing it back into frontline service even harder. Even with relatively simple tasks like patrolling UK waters, you’re still going to need to generate a competent crew who can do their jobs safely and correctly, whilst allowing the ship to operate to its fullest and contribute to the UK’s defence.

            A case in point for reactivation is HMS Severn. Since the announcement in late 2018 that she’d be reactivated, she has undergone a refit, extensive trials and FOST exercises. However, whilst nearly ready, she still hasn’t been formally recommissioned. If it has taken that long to get a patrol ship ready, which still has sister ships in active service, imagine how long it would take to get a frigate back into service!

            I think we all agree that we need more ships, but keeping the older hulls in reserve or active service isn’t the right way to go. The 23’s are knackered, pressed into continued service due to dithering and ‘cost saving’ exercises by consecutive governments. The best way to rebuild the escort fleet will be to increase the build rate of the T26 and to order at least an additional 3 T31 hulls (fully replacing the original 16 T23’s) whilst making sure those hulls are armed and equipped to their full potential. I’d even advocate ordering another 4 on top of that, to replace the Batch 3 22’s.

          • A great summary, cheers Lusty. Ordering extra T31s would be great, as you say it would be good to replace the T22s and the 3 T23s that were sold in the 2000s, and it shouldn’t be beyond the realms of possibility even for a peacetime navy to add to the T31 order, but at the same time I imagine it would be a struggle to make the business case for it, sadly.

            Out of interest, would you also say that by retiring T23s and accepting fewer hulls in the short term while ordering additional T31s to increase the number of hulls in the medium to long term would have the benefit of seeing crew numbers expanding gradually in tandem with the increase in ships, rather than maintaining old ships in the short term that we currently can’t crew because we are still rebuilding personnel?

            And also, if the build rate of T26 was increased what would you task the workers at Clyde with upon the completion of the contract? Would you look to extend the contract by adding to the T26 order (eg in the way of the reported BAES offer to build 10 T26s for the same price as the 8 that were eventually ordered), or would you keep the T26 fleet at 8 and bring forward the programme for the T45 replacement?

          • Thanks, Marquis.

            I think the crewing one’s an interesting topic. I would lean towards early decommission providing there was a cast iron guarantee of maintaining (and increasing on) current numbers with procurement. I’m not an expert on the generation of crews, but on face value I would argue that that would be the case due to the lower crew and maintenance requirements of the newer vessels. In layman’s terms, you’d be able to crew one and a bit T31s for every GP T23 you let go. However, with the current T23 hulls undergoing various degrees of LIFEX, I’d be hesitant in making razor blades out of a ship which has only recently had that done. The public outcry would be immense for a start!

            Interestingly, I’m hearing many positive things about manpower levels. Recruitment levels are up, with new recruits having to train at Britannia Royal Naval College rather than HMS Raleigh due to the spike. Similarly, retention is starting to look a little better, something which will doubtless be aided by the current crisis. That should mean we’ll be able to generate the crews needed for the assets that we have and hopefully look toward increasing hull numbers.

            As an aside, I’ve always argued that the Navy is its own best advertisement, as unlike many of our assets, it’s so often on public display. The arrival of both carriers and some fantastic documentaries has doubtless aided recruitment, but I think the RN and HMG need to capitalise on it further by opening up further RNR centres and bringing back Navy Days.

            As for more T26, or T45x (future destroyer), that’s an interesting one. Personally, if the build rate was increased and it was financially achievable, I’d like to see 10 T26, maybe followed on by an order of 8 T45x. If the will isn’t there for increasing numbers, you could maybe fit in an order for the replacement of the Echo class, before starting on the T45 replacement. I do think that we need to invest money in this area – building the ‘Frigate Factory’ on the Clyde would be a big help in building future classes.

          • Cheers Lusty, that’s a good point about the “Frigate Factory”, hopefully it can be realised eventually…10 T26s and 8 T31s would be great if it could be pulled off, but either way it sounds positive on recruitment and retention – as you say the publicity of the carriers and the F35 coming into service are a great advertisement for the navy that even the staunchest supporters of the Strike brigades will admit is hard to match!

          • Indeed! I’ll take the carriers over the strike brigades, but I am a tad bias! I do hope an increase in the fleet and the infrastructure to build it can be realised.

          • Amendment:

            That requires a team of talented people, some of which would be better served looking… after active ships.

            I completely forgot to type that bit, and I even re-read it! D’oh!

      • Depends on the mission I guess. Between 9/11 and the time the carriers were cut in 2010 when we had an Invincible on operations it was against ground-based enemies with no chance of hitting the carrier so no sub would be needed. So a similar role wouldnt require one, whereas going against a peer or near peer adversary we would definitely need an Astute with the carrier.

    • The problem is on average only 1 in 3 vessels our operational. Even if all vessels our able to put to see you then have to think do we have the crews and weapon stocks for them.

      • 1 in 3 isn’t really the case – it’s only been recently for the destroyers because of the new propulsion upgrades but that’s temporary and shouldn’t be much of a problem going forward.

        • Only if you count Audacious, which is commissioned but isn’t set to be delivered until 2021. Also to consider is that Trenchant is already a year past her decommissioning date.

          The reality is the RN has 6 fleet submarines. Depending on delivery dates and/or delayed retirements, that could dip to 5 before a return to 7 in 2026/7

    • It will definitely impact other areas, but that was always to be expected. Next year it is estimated 4 of the destroyers will be available for operations and for the frigates around 7-10 is typical so the 2 of each currently planned – which is pretty rigid – should still allow for basic deployments like Operation Kipion, one or two on exercise/training, one or two in UK waters and maybe one on deployment elsewhere.

      When the carriers aren’t on major deployments, there will likely be a smaller CSG and it will sometimes be complemented for other foreign escorts but for the power it brings to the table, the draw of the escorts is worth it. It’s just a matter of bringing assets together for less flexibility but more overall capability.

  2. Even if 2 T45 and 2 T23/26 be assigned to each of the two CVTF, it means 4 T45 and 4 T23/26 be needed. Yes, they need, maintenance and training, but the CV itself also needs it, so it is NOT a big problem, I guess.

    What matters will be, the simple fact that RN is NOT fully operating its “19 escorts”. I understand only 12 is manned.

    So, the two CVTFs (one as strike, and another as LPH, was the default plan, as I remember) will eat out 8 of the 12 manned escorts. This leaves only 4.

    Not easy. So the second TF, LPH-based, will have less escorts with her. May be 1 T45 and 1 T23.

    This will leave 6 remaining “manned” escorts.

    In this scenario, of course, the Strike CVTF and LPH CVTF will not deploy simultaneously. (Might be in emergency, as done with Invincible + Hermes in 1981, not not routinely). The main task will be to relieve USN CVTF in rotation with one French CVTF and one (or two) UK CVTF.

    • Donald is the Royal Navy capable of deploying 12 frigates/destroyers in their normal operational tempo? In an emergency I’m sure they could, but under normal operations?

      • Andrew, of course not.

        It is on average 85 sea-going days on average, now. It is 1615 ship-days. So, 4.4 ships are “at sea” on average (with 19 escorts).

        Any “deployment” includes some “at port” time. But, any “sea going days” includes MANY basic and advanced training period.

        Thus, I think “4 escorts deployed with a CV” is very near to the maximum, if it is routinely. But, 2 CV can deploy ~25% of the time each (a bit less than 33%), which means, even with 2 CV, “deployment of CVTF” is with only 50% duty ratio.

        So, I think 4 escorts for 1 CVTF with 50% duty ratio is doable (although not easy) for RN.

        #note. RN is currently manning on 12 escorts. 1615 day-ship / 12 crewed-ship means 135 days/crewed-ship. Not superb, but not bad number. So, manning is the key, for a while.

      • In a war situation 2 frigates would be vastly inadequate. As demonstrated in the Falklands a out of date sub was able to evade our frigates and almost sunk the carrier’s. If you look at the lessons learnt and one was that the anti sub bubble around the task force was too small to provide big enough radius of operation and that was with many times more frigates. Yes the current ones are more capable but so are the subs we would face.

        • Hi Steve, The Argentinian Type 209 submarine, San Luis, was certainly a concern to the Task Force in 1982 – and did launch an unsuccessful torpedo attack on the T21 frigate Alacrity. However, it operated close to the Falklands – and I’m unaware that it ever got near to Hermes or Invincible.
          During the conflict, air-attack proved to be the greatest threat to the British carriers.

          • the 2 argentinean subs were pretty ineffective because of their torpedoes and engine problems, but they were still able to evade the sub surface net that was around the task force. I read somewhere that an attack on one of the carriers failed as the torpedo failed to fire, but might be mis-remembering.

            I assume anytime we are using our carriers offensively, they will need to be relatively closer to the shore and therefore would suffer the same problems.

            The air defenses would also be a problem, however good a t45 is, it can’t be in more than one place and only has a limited number of missiles which can’t be restocked at sea. I could imagine that the attackers in 2020 would use glide missiles from range to deplete the destroyer, and then go in for the kill.

            A handful of jets running back to back sorties could deplete it pretty quickly. We would have the f35 coverage but they would need to chase down the jets, and if they are near pear, i assume they would fire from very long range and leg, it meaning the f35 couldn’t intercept in time, especially if they are using the land/stealth to limit the radar range on spotting them ahead of time.

          • if you had 3 or 4 t45 on station then it would be a different topic as too many missiles to saturate.

          • Having that many T45s could still be a problem as none of them have Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC). If a swarm of missiles are fired at the group, coordinating the defence could be tricky. It will be more likely that due to the reaction time required for defence, coordination may go out of the window and a number of ships firing on the same target. Link 16/22 can play a role here, but you would need to set up one of the T45s as the “master controller”. But even then without CEC it will prove hard to coordinate.

    • The QE’s will never operate simultaneously so only one set of escorts needed.
      Incidentally, single US carriers generally operate with 3, not 4 surface warships plus at least one sub. US carriers have more capable self defence systems as well.

      • I don’t understand why we don’t put sea ceptor on the carriers, even a container next to the ramp. Hell even sea ram would do.

        • This has been explained in plenty of other articles. To summarise, it’s a cost benefit analysis: based on expected threats, the small benefit heavier carrier defences provide are not worth the money or the sacrifices they’d require

          • But, none of the other navies agrees to it. France and US has it. China, and Russia as well. UK is minor here.

            So, people here is always arguing against this assessment, I guess. And this arguing is reasonable.

          • The USN and China have gargantuan budgets with very different definitions of cost effectiveness, the Russians built a “heavy aviation cruiser” that also featured AShMs, and the French blew all their money on a single faulty carrier and regretted it.

            The QECs were designed for the RN, not any other fleet. Arguing that a different navy, most facing very different challenges, would do things differently means nothing.

          • Partly agree. RN has RN’s choice, or freedom.

            My point is only that, “add CAMM to CVF” comment will NEVER DISAPPEAR, and it is reasonable one. Also, RN not doing so is reasonable, because RN has its own way of thinking.

            But, the argument is the same to,
            – “all T45 must have ASM”, RN do not think so.
            – “Merlin shall be armed with SeaVenom”, RN do not think so.
            – “T26 and T45 shall have torpedo launcher”, RN do not think so.
            – “T31 shall have hull sonar”, RN do not think so.
            – “T31 shall have more than 12 CAMM”, RN do not think so.
            – “T31 shall have ASM”, RN do not think so.
            – and “RAF must have ASW-capable patrol aircraft”, RAF did not think so.

            The last one, decision has be reverted and answered. The others might be also addressed in future. Who knows?

          • I don’t think it’s a case of the RN thinking differently and not wanting them. More a case of some beady-eyed accounts at the MoD % Treasury sucking in through their teeth, saying “computer says no,” and taking out a red pen to cross out things the ships can have.

  3. Admittedly escorts are going to be a problem for the Carrier Strike Group but it will be nice to have an active carrier again. My concern for the Carrier Strike Group is strike with what? Paveway and TLAM from the sub? At present the sub will be the only vessel to offer some land attach, anti shipping and anti sub.

          • 2030 is a joke. China and Russia are tooling up nicely and we have gimpys on the QE. Nice to know though they are actually fitted with. We effectively disband the fixed wing FAA for a decade and abdicated MPA responsibility for our own waters. Yes, it is certainly good to know we have good friends around to continue to plug our own capability gaps which in our current economic situation is not going to improve in the next 3-5 years.

          • The only way of fixing it is making ‘air launched’ a new requirement for the interim missile.

          • The RN are going to need all 5 of the Type 31 frigates, in order to forward deploy up to 3 frigates away from home, for 3 years at a time. That is the plan I hear!
            2 will be needed at home for training and exercise etc.

          • Understandable. So my point is, what if one of the three “forward deploy” position replaced with River B2?

            Please do not take me wrong. I am not saying MOD should not increase the budget. What I am saying is, if there is no money, show it clearly (= LACK of frigate number compared to what RN needs) than silently (= “5 ASM sets” to replace “17 sets of Harpoon system” RN currently has, and even not funding it).

            I prefer to arm all escorts with ASM (NSM is fine), even if it means losing 1 T31, making it 4.

          • Any B2 deployed East of Suez is a nonstarter! Even Singapore has better armed corvettes then the RN.

          • Not sure.

            For me, having T31 (with no ASM) in place of River B2 on,
            – Singapore
            – Persian Gulf
            – Atlantic
            does not worth COMPLETELY REMOVING ASM fleet wide.

            If the “3 forward deployment” is the 3 listed above, I can happily omit Atlantic from it.

            “Regrettably RN is forced to cancel 5th hull to fill the Atlantic tasking with T31, because of lack of fund (because “keeping” ASM capabilities is indispensable for escorts and RN must fund it). The task will be temporary covered by River B2, until the gapped “19th” escort is budgeted in future”.

          • I assume that any missile decided upon will have to be launched from a deck mounted cannister or arm like Harpoon if concidered for the T45. I don’t know if all VLS cells are same and if the VLS on the T23 could take LRASM for example. Maybe as Persius becomes availble this interim missiles might find their way on to the T31.

          • At the moment NSM/JSM is only cannister launched from ships. It has a first stage rocket to get it out of the launcher and when up to speed the missile jettisons the booster with the turbojet taking over. It weighs at launch 407kg, which is 2.5 times heavier than Camm-ER at 160kg. So it may be too heavy for a soft launch vertically. Therefore it would have to be fired from either a Mk41 or Sylver A50 VLS using a rocket booster.

      • I’ve had another look at Spear 3. Flexible/multiple target types. The F35 could carry 8 which is a lot of punch. I’m feeling a lot more comfortable about the RN’s amount of bite.

        • 8 internally and a further 8 externally if needs be. Accurate enough to target specific parts of a ship, like the exhaust or main superstructure. Ofcourse a heavier, air launched Anti-ship/cruise missile is still needed but Spear 3 is still an effective weapon.

      • And if the UK decide on NSM as the interim, sitting between SPEAR 3 and FC/ASW in capability, then if would be synergistic to adopt JSM for the F35B. Having the three weapon classes would enable a tailored approach to threats, both in terms of capabilities and missile costs.

        • Completely agree on NSM/JSM. It’s the sweet spot between Spear and FCASW. Would do great on the Type 31s once FCASW is ready and loaded in Type 26 VLS cells.

        • So, enough to blow the hell out of anything, if we had to use it today.

          The carrier has a 50 year lifespan, we have a plan to quip it and all it’s aircraft and escorts.

          That plan does not involve having everything ready a year before the first friendly deployment.

          This plan allows us to have 2 carriers in the first place, so it is to be applauded in my opinion.

  4. One bit of good news is that perhaps due to the current days economic problems recruitment for the Royal Navy is up. If this continues them PERHAPS the manpower pressure might reduce. Slightly.

    • Numbers were increasing dramatically before COVID, with COVID we will have no problems or lack of money to completely solve our man power issues.

    • The author of that article is dreaming. He makes some perfectly valid points, but he’s absolutely mad if he thinks what he’s suggesting would cost $5.5bn at most compared to a Ford’s $13bn.

      His design still has the vast majority of what makes the Ford so expensive, he’s just taken off one catapult, half the arresting gear, and made the ship smaller. In what world does ordering 70-80% of a ship translate to just over 40% of the cost?

      • I agree that the cost disparity would be a no go if it were maintained, however, the GRF cost that much due to its design and first in class problems. The JFK cost much less (and will be in full commission sooner than the GRF) thanks to lessons learned. The next two – Enterprise and Miller – are being bought on a two ship contract that supposedly will bring the cost of each down to ~ 10.5 billion. I don’t expect more than 6 GRFs to be built anyway – possibly ending the class with the Miller.

        Carriers are getting more and more vulnerable and the future for them probably lies with long range UCAVs IMO. The USN continues to hesitate on defining a future fleet composition due to so many vested interests dueling it out over declining defense dollars and production contracts. To the point that the review process has been taken largely out of its hands if that gives you any clue on the level of paralysis this has caused.

        https://news.usni.org/2020/06/24/pentagon-leaders-have-taken-lead-in-crafting-future-fleet-from-navy

        Cheers

  5. I commented on other feed regarding drone deliveries.

    Here is what I said:

    No doubt, there is a place for this type of delivery. Drones will be able to do much of the light delivery. But an F35 engine? Ammunition for the planes? Aircrew?

    What about refuelling the F35? With about an hour of flight time, how are the aircraft to be refuelled if there are no flying air fuel stations of an ally for an F35 to use? It is like sending a cage fighter into the ring with a 1000lb weight tied around the waist.

    Time to think seriously about this!!!

  6. Ok I am going to ask! Is the RN CBG the main effort of the RN at the moment and can they still provide a decent ASW group in the Greenland/Iceland gap if needed? As looking at the numbers, a CBG can have 2 x T45, 2 x T23 and an astute, while still leaving 3 or so T23, with tails, plus an astute, to form an ASW group with maybe 1 x T45 spare! These numbers do take into consideration manning and numbers in refit/repair etc.

    I do understand the numbers will be bolstered by FF, but I have to admit being out of the job, green one that is, for 5 years now I have more time to appreciate our other assets and services. Being an ex JTAC and airborne the RAF are known to me (I still scratch and shake my head when I think of them lol) but the RN was always an enigma to me, mostly out of site, and mind. Aside from a few sea kings and and the RM lads that is! Cheers.

    • The simple answer is no, the RN does not have the capacity to form a ASW group plus a carrier group and Amphibious group and its other deployments such as the Gulf. It is something that I have been shouting about for a long time.
      I gave three suggestions to resolve this issue, 1. To buy some Thales containerised CAPTAS-4 (light) towed array sonar for the Type 31 frigates. Possibly three sets to start with. 2. Albion and Bulwark hopefully will get replaced if so then replace them with two better three HMAS Canberra type ships. These could then work in the Amphibious role, escort carrier role, ASW role and humanitarian role. Yes three of these would cost the same as a QE carrier but they would become a good Swiss Army Knife. 3. To produce some AIP submarines, we do not have the money to build enough SSNs, not only that but it is better for and SSN to be let free and hunt, that is what they are designed for. For the GIUK Gap a patrol sub is better, with two sitting in the Gap and a ASW group up top you have a powerful deterant. The cost would be about £7 billion over ten years and that is thrown in a few extra frigates.
      Yes its expensive in some ways but it is also about the best value for money as I would love to see T26s and a new batch of Astutes but we can’t afford it.

      • I think we and probably the RN are hoping that unmanned subs that can be used for hunting subs are available soon. In the ideal world, I am hopping that the T31 could fill the mothership role in a conflict. Thus letting the 26s do their primary role of actively hunting subs. Therefore, perhaps a pair of T31s could be assigned the goalkeeper role around the CBG, whilst the T26s if not assigned to the Norwegian sea and North Atlantic, could be roaming around the periphery of the CBG as part of a layered ASW screen.

      • I think they probably could if availability was good and all other commitments were chinned off. I purposely didn’t mention the amphib assets as they would definitely be a NATO/Allied commitment. We would provide the amphibious platforms and allies the escorts! But cheers for your thoughts!

    • Crikey mate. I remember when I first got interested in the military in the 80’s reading my books, of the RN having 50 plus escorts, and being maybe number 2 in ASW in numbers, let alone capability, where maybe we were top dogs. Unsure on that vs the USN.

      Considering I myself have no idea just how many ships constitutes a group, I guess the RN could, if WW3 happened, provide an ASW group, at the expense of the CBG, if it were decided the T26 was better for that? Maybe the QEC would be escorted by other NATO vessels? Maybe it would be merged with a USN group? No idea.

      • Yes mate those numbers are long gone! Yes platform capabilities have improved but there is always a minimum number required to carry out all tasks, have an ongoing kinetic effect and still be able to suffer losses. Alas mate we are well past that in all 3 services aren’t we!

        • For now…until the Empire Strikes Back! Oh, my joke may have just upset some of the PC set. Oh well.

          • Quietly, but enough to be heard! Last Night of the Proms will be interesting this year. You just know that song will be axed.

          • Over my dead body. That lot seem to forget the role the RN played in ending the Atlantic Slave Trade with the West Africa Squadron, at considerable cost in terms of men and ships (1587 sailors & marines died). However, 150,000+ slaves freed and over 1600 vessels stopped. That’s something to be proud of.

          • You know my views mate. I also know the modern PC brigade care not for history. Only the history that suits their narrative. We shall see. I hope I am wrong.

  7. Does anybody know anything about the additional work being carried out on POW to better facilitate the Littoral Manoeuvre package?

  8. I would have thought that a Nuclear Sub would be an essential element in the Carrier Group. I know numbers are small but surely one out of a theoretical seven must be available to guard such an important force once assembled?

  9. You guys can count and tweak all you want the The Royal Navy lacks escort numbers specially destroyers to be taken seriously even with 3 destroyers and 3 frigates in real war you might lose more than half of them. The UK total destroyers fleet is just 6? Lol

    Easy target if it enters South China sea, take out few and you paralyze the entire British fleet. This fantasy of relying on foreign navies even if allies should be shelved! When things get real they may show their back like Germany does often

    The Royal Navy is a paper tiger navy this days a shadow of its former self of the Falklands war even.

    Few state of the arts destroyers half armed and as it looks like few type 26 half armed won’t deter a serious enemy. The UK should aim for 15 destroyers and 15 frigates or 10 destroyers and 10 frigates and 10 corvette or light frigates ,no navy less than 30 escorts and no carriers with less than 40 jets on board. NO less than 15 subs to deter the likes of Russia and China and command respect in the seas.

    • Alex, I am coming to the opinion that the days of high numbers of large or costly capital assets is coming to end, and for good reason. With the rapid uprising of capable outboard autonomous systems in all areas, many of the capabilities of the large platforms can be replicated by these at a fraction of the cost.
      I imagine our carriers group in 20 to 30 years time with No manned escorts. The escorts would be much smaller autonomous ships and in larger numbers forming an outer screen each with specific roles to play such as ASW or missile vls boats. The underwater space would have multiple large armed UUAV’s rather then a solitary SSN. All these assets would be controlled from an operations room in the carrier, and would be fitted with it’s own Sampson radar as per the early concepts. Why have a full load of F35’s? Why not have 12 F35s acting as controllers to smaller autonomous wingmen who do the dangerous stuff. Why have so many manned helicopters when we could have swarms of drones with dipping sonars and spearfish? Long range search radar can also be provided in a similar way with multiple drones spread out far and wide to increase detection ranges, or by a drone designed to sit over the carrier for weeks/months on end quietly circling above at high altitude.
      Patrolling the GAP could be far easier to do with just one frigate or mothership concept that can deliver multiple large UUAVs to the area, again swarms of compact drones with dipping sonars, off board small boats with tails, drones with magnetic anomaly detectors. All controlled by one mothership which can build an incredible comprehensive battle space picture.
      I actually think we will soon see the death of the frigate and destroyer as we know it. I think they will all go multirole mothership designs but with decent radars and VLS, but all utilising a range of off board systems to each provide attack, defensive and patrol at a level that would require a large number of present day ships.

      • I don’t think we will see the end of the destroyer anytime soon! They will get even bigger armed with lasars which required a lot of engery genartion and storage. Yes, the ’rail gun’ will be perfected in the future as well.

    • Alex, by your logic of never relying on allies, I assume you also reject NATO and believe every country should have massive standing military forces to be able to go it alone.

      You say the RN is a shadow of its former self. Yes, comparing it to the days of empire when we ruled the waves, it is. In terms of numbers it is far fewer than even in 1982 during the Falklands War, yet it is more capable in many respects. The admirals at the time would have jizzed their pants at the mere thought of F35s operating from our large carriers. Chances are Argentina wouldn’t have invaded in the first place had we had something like the QE class.

      I do agree the RN needs more ships, but it doesn’t need 30. Fo a start we would never find the manpower for that, short of conscription. 24 ships would be amazing – 12 destroyers and 12 frigates, plus 10-12 fleet submarines would be plenty for our needs. We don’t need a massive fleet of 30+ ships, and we don’t need 40+ jets on board the carrier. The optimum number is actually 36 planes. Those 36 planes actually generate more sorties per day than the US carriers with 48 Hornets/F35Cs.

      Beyond 40 and the ship gets crowded and the sortie rate of 2 sorties per plane per day starts to slow down. To be honest a war load of 24 planes will be plenty against all opponents barring Russia and China.

  10. All this discussion about not enough escorts. Yes in an ideal world we would have say 16 specialist ASW frigates, 8 GP frigates and 8 destroyers for air defence but that isn’t the case and that isn’t going to change. I think we will see plenty of allied navy’s contributing on a regional basis as a top up to a basic UK task group. If we’re in the Pacific then Japan, Australia, Malaysia, Singapore & South Korea could contribute. Northern Europe / Atlantic Dutch, Norwegian, German, Canadian & French. In the Med Italian, Greek, French. The possibility that we use the CBG in a purely national basis is slight but remains possible as we have just enough escorts for this should it arise.

    • What is point of having 2 carriers if you have no sovereignty ? This countries show flag only for NATO patrols not for wars! Most would show you their back in a real battle. Recall the Iran tanker incident not long ago? Where was NATO or the US? Britain was left alone to defend its interest and was humiliated

      • The Falklands was a unique operation. Most, if not all, future deployments of the UK CBG will be as part of a coalition. Think Libya, Iraq, Afghanistan & Serbia. Note we will still have the ability to deploy a purely UK CBG in extremis but this will not be normal.

    • With so few air frames available now, due to be purchased in the next 5 years and realistically – a reduced buy overall – Is this not a huge mistake?

        • I’m not sure how many of the already delivered jets are not to block 4 standard but should we not aim to get them all combat qualified? Anything lower than block 4 will not be certified as combat ready.

          I realise the slow buy rate avoids earlier blocks and that’s not my concern or complaint – I actually agree with it – any jets bought from now onward WILL be block 4 certified at delivery so the buy rate argument is largely now irrelevant anyway.

          My worry is that the overall buy number will end up being reduced and then on top of that reduced number, we have maybe half a dozen or so air frames that are effectively redundant and will not be deploy-able at all – shelved for spares effectively.

          Seems like penny pinching again to save a few quid as opposed to upgrading to maximise the sixes of the combat capable fleet.

          We don’t have large numbers of any equipment type – we should be making to most of what we do have I think.

          • It should be LM that tske’s the hit in this case!
            By providing the UK with low cost leasing of F-35b Block 3F’s. It would be LM’s decision of what to do with the returned leased aircraft.

    • I found this part amusing!

      “The costs of the Block 4 upgrade are managed through the F-35 Joint Programme Office and, as one partner in the multinational F-35 programme, the UK is not in a position to share detailed cost information,” the minister said.”

      Block 4 will not be finalised until at least 2024/5 so what now?

      “The Block 4 upgrade – a modernisation of the relatively new stealth fighter’s software and hardware – was initially to be delivered by 2024, but now will not be handed over until 2026, according to a report released by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) on 12 May.”

      Hence the reason for the opening paragraph from the Janes report.

      https://www.flightglobal.com/fixed-wing/agile-strategy-fails-to-deliver-as-f-35-upgrade-two-years-late-and-cost-rise-15bn/138345.article

  11. Wait just one minute…..I’ve seeing the media and commentators saying “look we have build a white elephant with no planes to go on it”. Clearly the RN has been photoshopping these pictures…..Because I can clear see airplanes. This is government miss information…disgusted of little England.

  12. Are those the new Sea Ceptor launchers on the type 23? they look kinda gross ! its like some fungal growth !

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