The UK’s emergency response committee only convenes to handle potentially disruptive or significant matters. This makes the decision to hold a COBR meeting reserved to a few events of national relevance.
When a major crisis hits the UK or involves British nationals abroad, the news may soon report that the Government will hold a ‘COBRA’ or ‘COBR’ meeting. The Cobra meetings are named after ‘Cabinet Office Briefing Room A’ or simply ‘Cabinet Office Briefing Room’ as the committee has several sites where emergency meetings may take place. However, it is presumed that some rooms are located at 70 Whitehall, ‘just behind 10 Downing Street’ and that ‘Briefing Room A’ is where most of the meetings occur. This use of Room A is one of the reasons that make the acronym ‘Cobra’ or ‘COBRA’ widely used.
The primary purpose of COBR is to co-ordinate and discuss the actions of the departments within Her Majesty’s Government in response to matters of national, regional or international significance with considerable consequences for the UK. In short, COBR is Britain’s emergency response committee.
The Prime Minister generally chairs Cobra, and the committee’s composition depends on the nature of the emergency. As one of the most important ministerial meetings, it also counts with senior ministers, security and intelligence officials and military chiefs. Other key ministers and mayors, representatives of external organisations such as the Local Government Association (LGA) and the Association of Chief Police Officers might also be present according to the circumstances.
A COBR meeting was first convened in the early 1970s to prepare the Conservative Edward Heath government’s response to the 1972 miners’ strike. It was also set up for handling the potential outbreak of war with the Warsaw Pact. Other relevant events that have led to Cobra meetings being held include the 1980 Iranian Embassy siege, the fuel protests and the mass flooding of 2000, the foot-and-mouth outbreak in 2001, the 11 September 2001 Attacks and the impending strike by fire-fighters in 2002.
During Tony Blair’s premiership from 1997 to 2007, the Briefing Rooms were widely used with COBR meetings being convened more than ever. After the crises faced during the 2000-2002 period, the Government sought a new legal framework and more powers to “enable authorities to deploy armed services, ban public assembly, improve travel restrictions, and to prevent public access to sensitive areas”. According to the Government, this would mean better plans to handle national emergencies.
The Civil Contingencies Act 2004 (c 36) is the legislation that replaced the former Civil Defence and Emergency Powers. In theory, its purpose is to establish a more coherent framework for emergency planning to the British Government in times of need. However, some critics described the Act as “totalitarian” and a pathway “to turn Britain into a dictatorship overnight”.
Since before the Act received Royal Assent, the Cobra committee could invoke emergency powers. But from 2004 onwards it can decide whether to invoke the new powers that are present in the Civil Contingencies Act. These powers include setting up special courts, requisitioning property and restricting movement of people in times of a severe emergency.
Beyond the already mentioned events that resulted in the gathering of COBR there are others such as the 7 July 2005 London bombings, the airstrikes on Libya and the evacuation of Britons, the refugee crisis in Calais of 2015, the Paris and Brussels terrorist attacks, the attack outside the Houses of Parliament and the 2017 Manchester Arena terrorist explosion. In March and July 2018, COBR committees were held to manage a cross-departmental response against the Salisbury nerve agent attack and Amesbury poisoning.
COBR is Britain’s most important crisis management committee. As said, it generally gathers the Prime Minister, senior ministers from major departments, representatives of the Security Service, senior officers of the Armed Forces, Civil Servants, etc.
There is a single official publicly available photograph of one COBR facility; it was released in 2010 under the Freedom of Information Act request. The secrecy of COBR’s locations is a way to understand that it is no ordinary meeting.
Therefore, when the Government announces that it has decided to summon a COBR meeting it is willing to transmit a relevant message. It means that some issue of urgent national significance is about to happen or is underway and that the British Government has initiated its response.
I wonder if there are regional rooms too? The old days of the Rotor sites meant that most of the country had a secure underground control centre, in the event, of limited strikes. We are all aware of the old Crowthorn complex, where considerable backup elements were stored for a government to survive for months on end.
There may be a requirement to review the UK control centres as the concept of limited nuclear weapon deployment is growing? The prospect of limited low yield weapon exchange is more likely today than it’s been for many years, hence my proposition? The days of mutual destruction may be over, but the use of low yield nuclear weapons, may be perceived as a tenable military option?
You mean Hawthorn, not Crowthorne, Maurice.
That site, or Burlington as it’s commonly known, was known as Site 3 until decommissioning in 2003. Which means they probably have something better, elsewhere.
The fact that the emergency government war headquarters was in a “Spring” Quarry shows how vulnerable it was.
However. The underground areas at Corsham are huge, and it’s no coincidence that the CCC, a still classified site most likely involved with Trident C3 and software, exists next door in part of Tunnel Quarry. Box Quarry to the north has Skynet facilities. Also, Basil Hill Barracks is the epicentre of UK MoD comms network, with the GOSCC and other facilities.
As for COBR. I believe that photo, which was released under FOIA a few years ago, is the only known image released.
It may be that that room may in fact be in the DCMC beneath the MOD, easily assessed from the Cabinet Office and other Whitehall central government buildings via the Whitehall tunnel system.
As for regional war rooms, that too interests me. As you know the old Rotor R3 bunkers and RGWHQs were sold off after the Cold War, with a few exceptions.
For the military, the RAF has the R3 sites at Buchan, Neatishead, Boulmer, but only Boulmer is in use I believe. Another R3 was at Holmpton and used for training. There is also of course the NADOC at High Wycombe, which maintains the RAP amongst other things.
Northwood has several bunkers, most users of which have now transferred to surface buildings on site when the place was modernised, although the facilities remain. For example the PJHQ and tge CMSA. Most importantly, CTF 345, linked to DCMC at the MOD for Trident, remains.
Apologies for long winded post but this subject is of great interest to me.
I hope that there are plenty of other locations retained by HMG incase of need, I feel too many were hurriedly got rid of at the end of the Cold War.
The Scottish Government does have its own equivalent of COBR, the Scottish Government Resilience Room (SGRR). Don’t know what Wales, or NI has.
Thanks for the correction Daniele, I think Crowthorn is the ‘Road Research Centre?’ My son bought a book about ex-UK underground sites with many photographs of their current state. I’m sure the old Rotor sites that were sold off, could be recommissioned if required as the basic integrity of the construction should be sound for many years? Your other information was very interesting too! So thanks again. Here’s to subterrain living!
Cheers Maurice.
Lol. Yes Crowthorne is the vehicle research establishment, or was? Not far from me.
I’d recommend a group called Subterranea Britannica” or Sub Brit, as the authorative group on this subject. Their open source knowledge is of course on the declassified sites only. Nick Catford and Nick Mcamley are two authorities on the subject that spring to mind.
Of course. The UK examples are nothing compared to what is beneath the USA.
Cheers.