Defence Secretary Ben Wallace has said that as part of the ‘Future Soldier’ project the British Army will be reorganised as an “expeditionary fighting force” designed to be more deployable.

The British Army will be arranged under 4 administrative divisions of infantry.

  • The Queens Division
  • The Union Division
  • The Light Division
  • The Guards & Parachute Division

“These divisions are designed to reflect historic ties, while also balancing their number of battalions and unit roles, offering greater flexibility and opportunity for soldiers of all ranks,” said Wallace.

Speaking in Parliament, Defence Secretary Ben Wallace said:

“Let me now turn to our plans to streamline the Army force structures. For too long, historical infantry structures have inhibited our Army’s transformation. We cannot afford to be slaves to sentiment when the threat has moved on. Today I can therefore confirm a major reorganisation under four new administrative divisions of infantry: the Queen’s Division, the Union Division, the Light Division, and the Guards and Parachute Division. These divisions are designed to reflect historic ties, while balancing the numbers of battalions and unit roles, offering greater flexibility and opportunity to soldiers of all ranks.

As announced in March, these plans do not involve the deletion of any cap badges, further major unit changes or any military redundancies. Although we are significantly reducing the total number of Army personnel, we are not compromising our presence in and contribution to the devolved nations. The numbers will reduce slightly everywhere except Wales, but we are increasing the proportion of the Army based in each nation and investing millions in the defence industry and estate.

Northern Ireland will keep the same number of battalions, but host a greater proportion of the Army’s workforce and gain an additional reserve company of the Royal Irish. Scotland will be home to more battalions—going from six to seven units—and a greater proportion of the Army than today. We will be retaining Glencorse barracks and will grow in Kinloss and Leuchars, thanks to £355 million of investment in the Army estate.

Wales will see the return of the Welsh cavalry—the Queen’s Dragoon Guards—to Caerwent barracks and a new reserve company of 3rd Battalion, the Royal Welsh to be established in north Wales. The retention of the Brecon barracks and the growth of Wrexham are just part of a £320 million investment in the Army estate in Wales.

Our future Army will be as agile in the new domains of cyber and space as it is on the ground. It will contribute the most personnel of all the services to those enhanced information-age functions, such as the National Cyber Force and Defence Intelligence, which are so critical to our new integrated force. In practical terms, this amounts to an additional 500 regular personnel, taking the number from 72,500 to 73,000. Together with the more than 10,000 Army personnel who work in other parts of defence, we will now, as I said, have a figure of 73,000.”

It s understood that the British Army’s headquarters will see a reduction of around 40% of its personnel.

George Allison
George has a degree in Cyber Security from Glasgow Caledonian University and has a keen interest in naval and cyber security matters and has appeared on national radio and television to discuss current events. George is on Twitter at @geoallison

105 COMMENTS

  1. I, and many others have long argued that the army should be mobile, more quickly deployable and properly equipped with the very best of whatever they need to do their job wherever they are in the world.
    I’ll be interested to see more detail but I hope this is the start of a real transformation and away from old ideas with old and sadly very often questionable equipment.
    A modern world needs modern forces.

  2. When you’re cutting numbers and Northern Ireland and Scotland dont lose any then statistically you are increasing the proportion of the army based there, just more spin.
    You can reorganize as much as you want but the question will still be, does it have the numbers and equipment to be credible on any scale at the medium and high end

  3. Just the usual burbling about ‘future’ this and ‘expeditionary’ that to mask another cut in numbers and a ludicrously complicated structure of hollowed out units to avoid upsetting anyone by binning cap badges.

    Meanwhile Warrior will be scrapped, Ajax is useless, Boxer will have to be shoehorned into more roles, they will have 148 tanks in 2 regiments, most of the artillery is ancient and several light battalions will languish at home as they are under-strength and without enough force enablers. Pathetic!

    • Nonsense. It wasn’t long ago that people on here were moaning that nothing was being done on the army. Well now it is and it has more money. Yes a few procurements have gone wrong but look at the other services and you could say the same. Look at other countries and you will see a range of disasters. It might be a long road to sort things out but at least they are making an effort.

      • It’s not just a question of procurement though is it.

        The other services (the Royal Navy in particular) have a very clear sense of purpose and structure themselves accordingly. In contrast the Army changes it’s mind every few years to try and gloss over yet another reduction in manpower and a trail of procurement disasters.

        This latest restructure isn’t bold or innovative. It’s rearranging deckchairs to cover for the lack of vehicles, artillery and other supporting arms for heavier conventional brigades all whilst preserving their precious cap-badges.

        The result is a ludicrous and indecipherable order of battle and a lot of hollowed out infantry battalions that are now supposed to spend all of their time teaching third world militaries to shoot straight or lending a hand against poachers or pirates.

        • I can see what you mean about the RN and a sense of purpose. Our military problems are again global. In theory the RN need to lend a hand all over the world and the next step is for the Army for follow suit. No more sitting in Germany the Army needs to deploy anywhere at a moments notice but problably in smaller numbers and with far more fire power per head. The RN have just got the first slice of the cake – my view is the Army jiust don’t realise how much change and spend will be going to them when their turn comes.

        • Just one point … it’s not the Army that changes it’s ‘mind’ every few years, it’s the government (who have little idea what they are doing at the best of times.) bean counters using the Army to save money, as in reducing the Army to 73,000.

          Who knows where this crap will lead … bin the majority of the Army, and hire mercenaries??

    • The 2 tank regiments will be Type 56, therefore 112 tanks (at most) to deploy; the rest will be in the Trg Org and Attrition Reserve.

  4. More streamlined blah blah cannot be slaves to sentiment but….not deleting any cap badges FFS! Yes the army is being transformed for sure:

    Warriors being chinned off
    Ajax is shite
    Limited Boxer IFVs
    MBT numbers extremely woeful
    Limited AD
    Limited OS Arty
    Limited UAV systems
    Limited firepower at Coy level
    Barebones CS and CSS

    I could go on but Daniele says it so much better than I! I want the Army to succeed, to be equipped and trained accordingly but, as ever, it’s all about spinning a “new” capability while secretly cutting the actual combat effectiveness of the organisation!

    • I do wonder if the reduction (in everything) regards the miltary is due to very few MPs having served or even know anybody in uniform.. They are fed a diet of yes sir no sir, three bags full sir, regards any question regards the mitlary and based on only hearing what they want to hear are more than happy to cut, cut, cut

      Just had a chat with a mate of mine (we were PSIs together) who is currently enmplyed as FTRS as the Training WO for a Reserves unit. apprantly half the unit is getting disbanded by May 2023 and get this, he has received a letter stating that his job is up for review and it may go civy.,Hes the training warrent officer for gods sake,

      • And that’s an excellent example of how the head shed politicans do not have a clue about the military. If he is FTRS how the hell can they give that to a civvy? I do despair I really do Farouk.

        • I saw the announcement in parliament. The Tory benches were not exactly full but a decent turnout for that type of debate. Labour was deserted bar a few worried about army links with their community rather than national security. Not a pretty sight.

      • Perhaps this new army doesn’t need training? [I am joking]

        Perhaps politicians think that we won’t do another operation at scale or for long duration – partly because they have no imagination, like to ignore Intelligence reports, do not read or understand history or are convinced that the public would not stand for it.

    • Boxer can’t do IFV – there have been numerous OAs. Too vulnerable. As some wag said on Twitter they are trying to work out how to do IFV in a way that does not involve a vehicle.

      • Boxer is a poor replacement for WR, as you say. I am sceptical about them having similar mobility in deep mud and snow, and doubt they would all come with a cannon. Cheaper to proceed with WCSP than buy Boxers to replace Warrior, surely.

    • So true mate. How many of the Boxers will have a cannon? Infantry firepower already down as 60mm mortar has gone, soon all or most of the Infantry’s cannons will be gone. How good will HQs be when shed of 40% of their staff?
      The army will comprise many specialist units – will there be enough generalist combat arms units to do their job?
      For all the extra money, we end up with fewer men, fewer combat vehicles and still a lot of kit that has not been replaced or modernised.

    • Just noticed that the HAC has been put into 77 Brigade.😂 Are they replacing STA patrols with hearts and minds???!

  5. Ah! Another typical “shake-up” to, once again, reduce overall troop numbers. The size of the army is getting more pitiful year by year.

    • Whilst I agree you need the minimum numbers to a point I would rather have a smaller force at my back than a larger untrained force without the modern kit.Surely it is getting the balance right? Oh and getting the kit to work😀

  6. I have only managed a quick read but a few things stand out. The structure looks very complicated, probably because of the failure to reform the regimental system.Whether this will cause problems in future, i don’t know but generally simpler is better.
    The armoured BCTs will operate with CH3, Boxer and Ajax.There is no reference to Ajax problems nor a plan B if it has to be cancelled.
    Although the Land Industrial Strategy is mentioned there is little detail of what this means in practice.
    Similarly, there are no specifics about replacement artillery systems.beyond a mention of 465km deep strike.
    The integration of reserves seems to be clearer than before.
    But nothing can hide the fact that there is little resilience in this force. 148 MBTs with no reserves seems far too small to play a decisive role in a major conflict.

    • I thought the Regimental system was reformed at least once per generation. Not many teeth arm capbadges are older than 30 years.

      Max of 116 MBTs would deploy as we will have two Type 56 regts – the balance are in the Trg Org or are Attrition Reserve.

  7. More rubbish from those who aren’t taking notice of what’s going on in the World today!

    An example is what’s going on between Ukraine and Russia. Ukraine has taken delivery from the USA of some 1000 and more Javelin anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM), along with Turkish Bayraktar TB2 armed with MAM precision guided munitions. So far we have seen the attack on an artillery battery by a Ukrainian TB2. What has Russia’s response been. Well take a look at the attached pictures:

    Rob Lee on Twitter: “What is interesting is that the different screens we’ve seen almost appear to have different purposes. Some can carry sandbags or other material, some are not strongly built, some cover much or little of the turret, etc. They’re clearly experimenting to see if it works. https://t.co/nlhXU5th5u” / Twitter

    Michael Kofman on Twitter: “I think for evidence of Russian armor adapting to counter Javelin ATGM, particularly this year, I would point to the space to mount a thermal emitter on an extended snorkel. https://t.co/PRfxNhauBk” / Twitter

    These show two Russian T80s seen doing exercises near the Ukrainian border. Apart from the explosive reactive armour (ERA) and the Shora ATGM countermeasure system. The most noticeable feature is the slat armour fitted above the turret. Granted operating the HMG is going to be a nightmare. But what we see is a very simple “Heath Robinson” approach at mitigating Javelin’s top attack mode. It also an effective way of countering grenade/mortar rounds dropped by quadcopter type UAVs.

    For the last 30 to 40 years a top attack has been the easiest way of neutralising a MBT. It led to the development of Hellfire, Brimstone and Javelin amongst others. The Israeli Trophy active protection system (APS) has shown it can protect a Merkava from a top attack. But this method is a lot simpler and cheaper. Though I’m not sure if they are protecting the engine deck as well? In one stroke they have seriously degraded Javelin’s ability to kill a tank. The counter would be to increase Javelin’s precursor charge, so it can blow a bigger hole in the bar armour allowing the second charge to pass through. However, a quick counter to this would be to fit ERA on top of the bar armour. Which leaves the engine deck as the only vulnerable spot for a top attack ATGM, mobility kill yes, kill the tank no.

    The most effective method of dealing with a MBT is through another MBT firing armour piercing fin stabilised discarding sabot (APFSDS) or through large calibre artillery which will need guided rounds to stand a better chance.

    This beggars the question of why we are pissing about only upgrading 120-ish Challengers, but also not investing more in heavy artillery systems? Without back up from a large force of MBTs and artillery an infantry brigade is going to be steamrollered, as their main anti-armour weapon, i.e. Javelin has become less effective!

  8. Cobblers. The doc on line has endless spin, waffle and PC stuff in it until the juicy stuff page 14 on.

    https://www.army.mod.uk/media/14919/adr010310-futuresoldierguide_25nov.pdf

    Some of us know the ORBAT well enough and so far this is a moving the deckchairs exercise, for the up teenth time while preserving infantry battalion cap badges at the expense of combined arms formations the army’s own future conceptual force describes.

    Example – how come the RA and RE units are not even within the HBCTs if they are being integrated at lower level?

    7 LBCT has no less than 5 Light Mech infantry battalions in it, with a single 2 battery RA regiment of LG in support!
    At least it is a deployable formation with its own CS & CSS.

    4 LBCT is even better. It has no less than 6 Light Infantry battalions with not a single regular CS and CSS formation in it! It is in effect a holder for LI units to surge them where needed. It is not a deployable formation.

    1 ISR Bde is dismembered, its units split between 1, 3, 6 Div Int Groups.

    We now have a “Field Army Troops” holding various enablers centrally. This seems to be the latest version of the previous “Theatre Troops” which was rebranded “Force Troops”, which was disbanded a few years back to form 6 (UK) Div. Itself now dismembered.

    16AA at least is getting a new gun group, Log Sqn and Eng Sqn. Though the Eng sqn is transferred from 36 reg….its not actually “new”

    What else…a 2nd MLRS Deep fires Reg is welcome. It is a re role from what is currently the 3rd AS90 Regiment.

    The Deep Recc Strike BCT is simply a modern DAG, with Ajax and a Light Cav Reg put in it. They have even removed the AS90 regiments from the armoured brigades and placed them in it.

    Elsewhere, endless rebranding and movements that I will need to record for my own sanity to keep track of what is going where.

    The biggest devil is that we don’t know the individual unit reorgs yet at company, squadron, battery level. The “Rebalancing” as the D Sec calls it. Those details come later.

    Just been called for dinner. Will continue rant later!

    • This is disappointing, I was hoping that your analysis would show that for once Army claims of modernising their force structure would match their actions…!
      I know that we talk a lot about kit on here, and for sure troops need to be equipped to do the job they’re tasked with. But, even more fundamentally to me, if we don’t have a properly fit for purpose ORBAT that is reflective of reality AND our strategic goals as a nation then it’s pointless. From what you’re saying, they seem to have once again failed to do that. I see a lot of talk about infantry battalions, but not sure how that splits between light, motorised and mechanised (are they the proper terms these days?)- I’m not even sure light infantry are viable if they don’t have at minimum organic protected mobility these days. I’m also not sure how this infantry reorganisation fits within the larger force structure of Armour and Brigade Combat Teams that they’ve been shouting about too. Maybe I’ve missed some Org charts somewhere that will explain it all.

      • Hi Joe. Check the link I included and look at P14 onwards. Shows a basic orbat for most of the army.

        Bns, 5 will be Boxer ( up from 4 planned, but less than the 6 Warrior currently. ) They go in 12 and 20 ABCT.

        6 are listed as Light Mechanized using Foxhound. Those are in the 7 LMBCT, look it up under 1 UK Div in the doc.

        Rest are on foot.

        Out if a 73,000 army it has 3 deployable brigades ( forget the BCT rebranding nonsense which is another copy of America, they are brigades.

        12, 20 Armoured. 7 Light Mechanized.

        The 4th, 4 LBCT has 6 infantry battalions, and has no CS and CSS of its own bar reserves, who hardly ever deploy save in small detachments to augment regular units.

        It preserves sacred infantry cap badges and maintains the lack of CS and CSS formations to service them.

        Take 7 LMBCT, with 6 battalions. How about reducing them to 3, full size battalions, and use the headcount from the 3 cut battalions to form another artillery regiment, another engineer regiment, another logistics regiment.

        Those new formations could then be put into 4 LBCT, for example, which as I outlined earlier is just a golf bag with a selection of units and create a useful all arms brigade out of it. Hell, why not return the army elements of the RM, 24RE and 29RA, and create an arctic brigade for reinforcement of Norway? A supposed key role. What does 4 LBCT actually do? Surge extra infantry?

        And they call this ground-breaking and innovating.

        • Daniele
          I think there are 4 deployable brigades, rather than 3 – 12, 20, 7 LM and 16 Air Assault.

          We have to hope that there will be a fifth in due course, in the shape of the 1st Strike (aka mechanised infantry) Bde . The ĺayout shown of a ‘1st Deep Strike Recce Bde’ looks like a very interim stage – 3 recon regts, and the army’s entire field artillery, but no infantry at all and no CS or CSS, other than a REME bn. It really doesn’t stand up to scrutiny.

          If the MLRS regt needs forward recon, surely the way to do that is with UAVs, STA and divisional recce, rather than allocating a third of our scarce armoured troops to the task.

          • Morning C

            I did not include 16AA as I was referring to the Field Army.
            Those brigades should be able to deploy in their entirety with a full complement of CS and CSS to form all arms formations.

            16AA, while possessing those units, has had them all trimmed since 2015 SDSR, and deploys the AATF, a reinforced company group of the in role battalion. Much like I imagine 3 Commando will end up, a “golf bag” of units, almost like an admin command, deploying in bits rather than a whole.

            Yes, that is an issue with DRSBCT. That issue has been highlighted already elsewhere, the lack of RLC to supply the MLRS pallets. In BAOR there were dedicated supply chains for them.

            I do not think DRSB will be a “deployable Brigade”
            I think it has been thrown together with orphaned units lost with the demise of Strike brigades that need to go somewhere. It seems to be a modern day DAG – Divisional Artillery Group with everything centralised. So elements of it would move with the 2 HABCT’s as the Division deploys, it would not deploy as an entirely separate entity.

            It could potentially have a R Eng CS Armoured Reg, as the 3 remain with 25 GRE for supporting the division. 3 CS Reg RLC is also missing from the graphic, I hope that is assigned to it and the spinners who made this document missed it. No real surprise.

            It does have STA, as 5 Reg RA has been moved into it from 1 ISRB. I think the “Divisional Recc” is the Armoured cav regs assigned to it, in BAOR each Armoured Division had a recc regiment held at divisional level, not like now days at Brigade level.

        • Daniele, I just re-read this post. You surely don’t mean that Inf bns without AFVs deploy on foot? They will have organic soft skinned TCVs, ie trucks with
          Passenger seats fitted.

          • Hi Graham. Yes, like all Light Infantry battalions they have MAN trucks. Most of our infantry in the Cold War were on Bedford 4Ts if I recall!

            Probably best they are on foot in the combat zone given that level of protection.

    • Yes Daniele, its so disappointing that the one good idea – BCTs – has been mishandled. At one point is says BCTs will have all supporting arms including artillery, and then on the ORBAT the BCTs turn out to have no artillery. Simply re-badging administrative formations to generate company sized units.

      Add to that the new Infantry Divisions – another good idea – but if both the Inf Divisions and the BCTs are admin formations why have two layers? Surely the BCTs should be fully formed units that train together and can deploy and fight together at short notice – i.e. without 6 months prep. Not good enough.

      Also absolutely no mention of which formations will provide the battlegroups for the Global Hubs in Germany, Kenya and Oman, although rotations to Cyprus and Brunei are included – did the drafters not get the memo??

      Calling 4th Bde a BCT shows the shallowness of the rhetoric. Its clearly just a pool of light infantry battalions to meet ongoing needs.

      • Exactly my views.

        I’d hoped may be 4 BCT might find the battalions for ongoing roulement / rotation to Cyprus, but reading the details they are coming out of 7 LMBCT! A supposed mechanized formation.

        • Really half-arsed.

          A better idea would be to make the BCTs smaller and more coherent and add two or three adminstrative formations to generate home defence / ACP and overseas attachments.

          Unfortunately they are trying to get everyone a bit of overseas travel, but the BCTs will deploy for sure so keep them out of standing committments – instead allow folks to move around within Corps on different assignments.

          If each Armoured BCT had 1 Cav, 1 Armoured, 1 Mech, 1 IFV, 1 155mm + REME, Medic and Logs, and each Light BCT, 1 Lt, Cav, 1 Mech, 2 MRAP and a 105mm + REME, Logs and Medic we could get somewhere.

          Can buy enough IFVs for 2 battalions, and use Boxer for Mech, Foxhound for MRAP.

          Deep Fires can have 2 Cav, 2 GMLRS, 1 Loitering Muntions,1 UAS and 1 Air Defence + support.

          Another administrative brigade can be formed to generate overseas committments (don’t call it a BCT) – and 19 stay as is.

          • That’s just achievable within current orbat. Might need to take the army elements from 3 Cdo to furnish elsewhere.

            Usual issue. Too many small infantry battalions, too few CS/CSS to go round.

            For some reason UAV formations are held in Field Troops! A renamed 6 Division, which was a renamed Force Troops, which was once Theatre Troops, which were once Divisional/Corps troops!

            Save me from this ENDLESS rebranding with no real changes apart from the name on the door.

      • Hi James, I think the Global Hubs are largely Equipment depots and Training Areas, manned by an admin staff. Troops will come in, train for months, rather than weeks – and depart. Thus no permanently committed manouevre units. But I may be wrong. Unlike Daniele, I haven’t read the ‘Soldiers Guide’ yet – maybe it is in there.

        • Yes you are probably right, although Wallace and the Future Solider doc speak about longer overseas deployments, Rangers and SFAB will do this for sure, but there has been talk of an armoured battlegroup in Oman and a light infantry battlegroup in Kenya to complement the Lt Infantry in Brunei and Lt. Mech infantry in Cyprus.

          One way to do this is to keep two battalion groups in each hub – one on a training rotation and one that stays on for a deployment after training. In this way you get a freshly trained deployable battlegroup at each location. If we send Mastiff and other kit we will no longer need in NW Europe to Kenya, that could create a very nice ‘bush war’ deployable capability for Peacekeeping, CT and Stabilisation in Africa. The bloated and undersupported 4 LBCT seems the obvious choice to provide this capability.

          Simliary the BATUS kit in Oman can also provide the nucleus for a deployable battlegroup for the Gulf, Middle East, Indo-Pac or Eastern Med / Black Sea region, and can get back to UK or Germany fast due the proximity of the port at Duqm – also the LRG(S) at Duqm will have amphibious capability and maybe a heavy sealift vessel. However, it will mean keeping more formations at these locations for longer.

          20th ABCT is pretty much going to be Germany based, with a BG rotation in Estonia and training rotation to Duqm. 12th ABCT will be UK based with presumably rotations to Duqm. 12th could supply an extra battlegroup to maintain a Oman capability, quckly repatriated back to UK if needed.

          4th LBCT could also provide an upgraded Light infantry battlegroup with jungle/mountain warfare expertise in Brunei. Indeed if 4 LBCT was rebranded as a regular brigade tasked to generate battlegroups for Kenya, Brunei and the Falklands with mountain, bush and jungle warfare expertise, and provide aid to the civil power in the UK, then it might make more sense.

          In that case 7th Light Mech BCT can become the urban, littoral and desert warfare experts (like USMC) – with a focus on the Middle East and Indo-Pac and a BG forward based in Cyprus for the ME, and (hopefully) with a new British designed and built Light Mech Vehicle family (for both light mech and light cavalry to replace Foxhound, Jackal etc.) in due course – industrial strategy and all that.

          • Your last two paragraphs especially are just so sensible and exactly what I would have hoped for 4 LBCT.

            For reasons only Andover and the Cap Badge Mafia know sense seems to have left the building.

    • On reflection I think I can see some method in the madness of 3 Div. It seems 20 BCT has an extra Boxer Bn. and Deep Recce Fire a Light Cav Rgt. to sustain NATO committments to MNB(N) in Estonia and MNB (South) in Romania.

      UK leads an provides a mech infantry battalion to MNB(N) and provides a Lt, Cav. Sqn. to MNB(S). As 3 Div is responsible for NATO committments, I guess adding a Boxer Bn. and Lt. Cav Rgt. allows 20 BCT to deploy at full strength from Sennelager to Poland or Ukraine, and the other BCTs to follow from UK, without having to draw back units from other NATO brigades.

      It would make more sense to make these formations corps troops, but I guess 20 BCT and the Deep Recce Fires BCT will want to rotate units through these NATO Brigades to gain experience.

      • I guess that makes sense. What do you make of no RLC formation in DSB?
        3 RLC has also vanished from the ORBAT. That was a CS Log Reg for 1 Armd Inf Bde. Could have been re roled to do the MLRS supply.

        • I think DSB is a golf bag I’m afraid, despite the rhetoric it is simply all artillery + left over cavalry from previous restructurings. To be honest I suspect the Army is tired of permanent restructuring, and resistant to any more changes – wants to consolidate on what it has spent time developing. However they wil need to find a way to support artillery and to integrate closr support and deep fires`into the BCTs, otherwise they will still need 6 months mobilisation, which is what this whole thing is supposed to prevent.

          • Sadly I agree. I hope we are wrong.

            Why there is not an informed journalist who could grill CGS on this annoys me.

  9. You can give the Army has much Tec has you like but at the end of the day troop and AFV Artillery will always count going into Battle..🙄

  10. The Guardian, does something of a decent write up (or is it a smoke screen of an article)
    British army to get extra £8bn of kit as part of radical shake-up
    The defence secretary, Ben Wallace, has announced a radical reorganisation of the British Army with an additional £8.6bn to be spent on equipment and a new ranger regiment created to help counter extremist organisations and hostile state threats.

    The Future Soldier programme would reconfigure the army to address next-generation threats around the globe, positioning it as a globally engaged, modernised war-fighting force, Wallace told MPs.
    “To keep pace with the changing character of warfare our army must be forward-looking, adaptable and embracing of new ways of working as much as new weapons and technologies,”
    Wallace said the extra £8.6bn in equipment more than 10 years, bringing the total investment to £41.3bn, would create “a modern, innovative and digitised army”. The army would operate on a “continuous basis” and be “persistently engaged around the globe”. It would be “as agile in the new domains of cyberspace as it is on the ground”, with state-of-the-art equipment including upgraded tanks,

    The programme would transform the army into a more agile, integrated, lethal and expeditionary force, with integration at its heart, bringing together regular, reservists and civil servants, Wallace said.

    From December a new ranger regiment will form part of the newly established army special operations brigade, and it will be routinely deployed around the world to counter extremist organisations and hostile state threats. By mid-2022 a new “deep recce strike brigade” combat team will be established.
    New equipment such as Boxer armoured vehicles, Challenger 3 tanks, AH-64E Apache helicopters, long-range precision missiles and uncrewed aerial systems will be introduced, while much of the fighting force will fall under new self-sufficient brigade combat teams. An experimentation and trials group will try out new technologies.

    There will be some restructuring and reorganisation of units over the next four years. The regular army will be 73,000 strong by 2025, which combined with an army reserve of 30,000 means the army headcount will stand at more than 100,000.
    “For too long the historic infantry structures have inhibited our army’s transformation. We cannot afford to be slave to sentiment when the threat has moved on,” Wallace said.
    Every unit would be affected in some way by the changes, he said. By 2025 the army HQ’s regular personnel will be reduced by 40% and reserve integration will be made more productive.
    Reservists will play a pivotal role in homeland protection and resilience operations. A new reserve brigade based in York will ensure crises on the home front, such as the Covid pandemic, are met at points of need.
    There are changes to limits on promotion, plans for a soldier academy to mirror the prestige of Sandhurst, and a new career management system “fit for the digital age”. A mental health team within the field army will support wellbeing.
    Wallace said the changes would result in “a credible and relevant, relentlessly adapting force that will confront the threats against the nation and meet the challenges of the future”.

    • They just love the words “Agile ” and “Leaner

      How can something be more agile if formations are bereft of enablers with no depth?
      Hamstrung more like.

      Removing C130 is just another strain of the madness. Far more agile with less of everything.

      • How are things D? I cant help but agree . Its rife in modern corporate business too.

        Agile- I will give you more tasks to do in the same number of hours
        Leaner- I will give you less resource to accomplish said tasks
        I will not pay you more for your improved productivity though.

        I try to remain “glass half full” , but this news is deflating I cannot see a way forward without a further upward shift in the defence funding. I have empathy for the army as they do appear to be the poor cousin.

        • Evening K.

          I’m not so sure on the poor cousin. I think the army budget dwarfs that of the RN and RAF.
          They however don’t piss 5 billion on Ajax, 1 billion before that over over 2 decades on FRES, or half billion on WCSP before cutting it.

          4 LBCT is the most annoying for me. They could think of nothing better than putting 6 infantry battalions into it with a lot of reservist CS and CSS formations.

          Meaning it’s not actually a deployable brigade at all. Just a golf bag.

          I’d hoped that infantry bns would be reduced and that resource put into more artillery, engineer, signals, and logistics units to enable all arms formations to be created and the RA expanded.

          So far, the RA expands by cutting 1 AS90 reg and switching role to MLRS.

          That’s not expansion.

          • Thanks D . I was surprised to learn the Army did have such a large slice of the budget, thanks for that nugget. It is frustrating to see how they waste their (taxpayer) capex budget, a bloody shame.

      • I saw the word ‘lethal’ being bandied about a bit. As you have said, there is no sign of increased lethality in all of this restructuring. If anything lethal means (ie firepower) will reduce due to fewer cannons in Inf Bns as WR departs from service, and fewer tanks in the ORBAT.

    • I don’t believe the “extra” 8 billion one bit.

      It’s just the money that’s already budgeted for Ajax, Boxer & Ch3. Nothing “extra” about it.

  11. How can they be slim lining the structure if they keep all the cap badges ? Just looks like making everything loss a small slice of resource to not upset the Apple cart, all wrapped up in pretty paper and ribbons.

    The cyber bit was interesting, I was thinking about this and how nations will make war in the future. It’s very likely that any major conflict will begin and possibly be ended with large scale cyber attacks. Essentially a nation could be overwhelmed and knocked out of a fight via cyber attacks ( no fuel, power, food distribution etc) so as air power became supreme so cyber has become, is it therefore time for a new military arm focused not just on cyber security but cyber offensive tactics and strategy.

    • Interestingly, defence already has a CEMAG, at Digby.

      This is the army version, uses almost exactly the same title, and combines the existing EW regiment, 14RS, with the Cyber Reg, 13RS, and adds a second EW reg by converting 21 Reg RS into an EW formation.

      One of the few genuine expansions I can see so far.

      • It doesn’t make for great reading when you get under the skin of it.

        For me the bitter determination of hanging onto cap badges is getting ridiculous, I also think hanging onto 148 MBT’s is also pointless, to far below critical mass to be deployed in the numbers needed.

        I fully expect the Mod to waste another billion on Chally3 and can it in SDSR 2025…..

        I’ve no issues with the general thrust of deployable force elements, it’s the right way to go, but we need air deployable first rate equipment, across the board for the role and an uplift in A400 numbers to transport it all.

        The over reliance on a 30,000 AR is a mistake, as it’s simply never going to be anywhere near this number of deployable trained troops, it’s still a very long way short of the number.

        • Morning John.

          We have not seen minor unit details in all areas yet, might get worse in some areas and better in others. I’ve seen an outline of the RA situation though.

          I agree with all points bar the get rid of Tanks entirely point.
          We’ve done that to death on here though so no need to go over old ground but respect your view of course mate.

          • Morning Daniele, we will see how the cards fall I guess mate. For me, if you had to point to a turn in the road when it started to go badly wrong for the army it would be 2004.

            The war in Iraq had turned into an insurgency and Afghanistan (already and entrenched insurgency as its their national sport) was soaking up more and more resources. Rolling replacement programmes that had gone on for many decades with equipment, were suddenly interrupted, as money was poured into these two conflicts and replacements for Chally2 and warrior were dealt to the back of the deck as low funding priorities.

            We have a morning after the party hangover from these two conflicts that’s going to last for many years.

            Now they are trying to make the pieces fit together in a whole new way, I sincerely hope it works mate!

        • We should only abandon tanks when all nations hostile or potentially hostile to the UK/NATO do so. Unfortunately you will find modernisation rather than abandonment of tanks in Russia.

          • Maybe so Graham, you could however claim that with only 148 Chally3 on order, we have effectively abandoned MBT’s in any meaningful way, 148 is representative of little more than a token force.

  12. Announcements I look forward to over the coming months/years to make sense of all this:

    Boxer follow on order – to include mortar, AA, and 40mm canon variants.

    AAC to receive new reconnaissance and transport helos in numbers.

    A new order of A400s for the RAF so we can deploy rapidly.

    Long range artillery order – tracked or wheeled in the required numbers.

    Land ceptor follow on order.

    Details of new and emerging drone capabilities.

    Oh and as I’m playing armchair general I’d quite like more Apaches and Chally 3s please Santa!

    • I think that outline is spot on, and perfectly feasible with the extra spend, bar the extra Apache and Ch3.

      I’d add another item – when the unit restructuring is fully revealed an uplift in CS&CSS squadrons, batteries and companies.

      I’m not holding my breath!

    • Your AAC comment – are you hoping AAC will take on transport helos such as Puma and Chinook from the RAF? Wildcat was only introduced in 2014 so is not due replacement, but it only carries 5 passengers (plus 2 aircrew and door gunner).

      Would you also like to see an announcement by Mr Marsh that the Ajax programme can be saved quickly and efficiently and withoit more MoD spending?

      • I am hoping the army gets one type to replace Gazelle and Wildcat, so the latter can be moved to the FAA. The FAA needs more helos for T32 and T26, the latter being able to hold up to 3 if needed I believe. Wishful thinking I know.

        I really hope Ajax is saved yes, otherwise much of the additional £8bn will be spent on its replacement, whereas the army needs that money for other things.

  13. I think it a mistake to drop any part of UK Armed Forces below 50% of their late cold war (1990) level. The Army was 160,000 then. It should not drop below 80,000 now. The extra 7000 I want are for those parts we said we did not need (tanks, air defence, artillery) that are vital if we are to deter serious armies like Russia, or its heavily equipped “little green men”.

  14. Anyone thinking we should have an Army the size of the US is living in cloud cuckoo land. We need an Army which matches our income. If the threat is greater than the Army we can afford, we need an alliance which for the time being we will call NATO. Trying to maintain an Army greater than you can afford lands you in a position where you defeat yourself. USSR 1990s perhaps?

    Should we have a military which is greater than we currently have? Possibly. Let’s be honest though the EU are currently making it plain that they will deal with the land forces in Europe. Are they deluded? Probably but the top priority for the UK must be the Navy & the RAF. Building an Army which is lower on cost but still a force which will give anyone a bad day must be the priority. Listening the the secretary of state yesterday tells me he wants to spend more but the treasury have allocated it all to covid and hospitals. Perhaps we need to be patient? 😀

      • Yes and 50% in the 1940s 😀 The amount countries spend in war time can be cripling. In the 1980s we had a cold war with the USSR. Now most of those USSR countries see the threat as coming from the East not the West and the UK has dropped to a 2% of GDP spend which is not unusual for a peacetime UK. The US is spending much more than us but at the same time is trying to be in all places at once.

        • The 2% figure is a product of creative accounting. It includes military pensions to chaps in their 60s like me, some non Defence intelligence spending, and on the Independent nuclear deterrent which the Treasury always used to directly cover.

    • I am not aware that the EU has ‘made it plain that they will deal with land forces in Europe”. It has no army to do so and is entirely dependent on the NATO Alliance for now.

      What is not widely realised is how limited NATO forces in Europe are, after years of political cutbacks. On land, in our area of interest, the North German Plain plain, there is just one German AI division, backed by a couple of Benelux bdes, to meet any threat on the Polish or Baltic Republics borders. Russian little green men could walk into any of the latter tomorrow and there is little NATO could do about it.

      It is a tripwire force only but has next to nothing in the locker to reinforce the tripwire. The UK examples that perfectly – we will have just one AI bde in Germany and one available as reinforcement, if it can get there in time. That is very small beer when Russia can mobilise 90,000 troops in a matter of days, as it has on the Ukraine border.

      That tripwire strategy was maybe vaguely plausible when NATO had overwhelming air superiority, but that is no longer the case and it is doubtful that NATO air can operate in the A2AD environment Russia has created.

      The post-Cold War deal between NATO and the USSR was an agreed 25% cutback in in-theatre conventional forces. That would have cut the UK army down to about 120,000. Blair/Brown left it at 105 000 in 2010, which was really the bare minimum.

      Since then, Conservative governments have slashed it by a further third, for ideological reasons for which there was no military justification at all.

      We should not have cut below 105,000 and should be looking to restore that minimalist strength as a priority.

      • I agree there is nothing in place and I also agree it would be foolhardy but from a political viewpoint the EU enthusiasts know they need an EU army in order to make polical union inevitable and irreversable.Failure to do this could result in the break up of the EU.

        This does not mean that I disagree with the thrust of your argment – quite the opposite in the same way as I feel EU countries have become reliant on Russia economically (another bad idea) I think that many decision makers today have never lived through a major war and consequently think it cannot happen.

    • No-one in these posts have ever suggested an army the size of the US army. The question is whether 73,000 is too small. Options for Change determined we needed a post-Cold War army of 120,000. Subsequent reductions have been purely to save money and do not reflect diminished threats.

      With a 73,000 regular army we can deploy 1 or 2 BCTs in a one-shot operation which lasts a few weeks or months, and could probably deploy a division with recourse to the Reserve Army. I don’t see that we could deploy a BCT for a long duration operation of several years duration with roulemont, without breaking Harmony guidelines for Tour Interval, unless there is recourse to the Reserves. That army must have modern kit; it is totally unacceptable that the army has not fielded a single new or upgraded AFV in the core programme in 20 years. Maybe all the above is all OK with the politicians and the public?

      I totally agree that the Navy should have the spending priority as Global Britain requires it and we have tilted towards the Asia-Pacific region. I am less clear about massive investment in the RAF – they should major on Air Defence of the UK and nominated BOTs ie Falklands and on support to the deployed Navy and army – anything else is unaffordable.

    • Yes, I wondered that. Are they dispensing with the role or just moving them elsewhere, as plenty of HQ directorates are at Upavon as well as Andover.

  15. Why do 33 army bases have to close? Will such displaced units be relocated? Are they then spending more on new bases to accomodate the dispossessed?

    • Those closures have been planned for years and are not an addition in Future Soldier.
      There are lots of merry go round unit moves programmed.

      Catterick, Bramcote, Stafford, Tidworth/Bulford all expanding as far as garrison strength goes. The barracks around SPTA were already planned as super garrisons.

      It is unfortunate, but I am comfortable enough with it. I am not happy when strategic assets like naval installations, munitions sites and airfields are closed.

  16. What a load of disingenuous spin in that document! All this ‘agile and ‘modern’ and so on being spouted, HMG’s PR man should get a prize for creative fiction!

    The bottom line is that the army is being slashed by ANOTHER 9,500, to a point where it is now just too small to be of much consequence, in NATO or playing at expeditionary forces around the globe.

    4 deployable brigades, barely half the number our friends in Italy, France, Germany and even Spain can field, it’s a bit pathetic really and sad to see our enforced demise at HMG’s hand.

    Compare and contrast the reality with the following nonsense from the document –

    ‘The Army’s position as the pre-eminent European land partner to the US… is achieved through leadership in NATO and reflected in the tenure of the Alliance,’s Deputy Commander post..

    and ‘We will continue to lead within the NATO Alliance….

    Who writes this fiction and what are they smoking? It is all clearly aimed at the media and the gullible public, to paper over the hard fact of yet more cuts, pretending that smaller and leaner is somehow better. I wish.

    That ORBAT is a bit of a dog’s dinner, it is terribly over-complicated for such a small force. I think the authors must have been on a bonus for the number of little boxes they could dream up, all the better to bludgeon the lay reader into a comatose state of bewilderment.

    I wouldn’t blame the army high head yins too much, this must be the 4th or 5th different ORBAT since 2010, no sooner do they start reorganising for one than HMG demands further cuts everything goes back in the melting pot..

    Looking at the ORBAT, I suspect that the Army was told pretty crisply by the politicos Cut your costs by anothet 15%; forget NATO and Russia and reallocate at keast half the troops to out-of-area, because we want to portray ourselves as ‘global’…

    A tall order, guess it’s still a work in progress for the staffs.

    I cannot see 3 of the infantry bns in the doc – Irish Gds, 3 RRS, 3 Ghurka – maybe my eyes misting over, does anyone have better 8nfo?

    • Irish Guards are going into 11 SAFB, Black Watch are with them.
      I too did not see 3 RGR and I also did not see 3 CS Reg RLC.

      • Thanks Daniele, where did you find that?

        I know that IG and BW were in SAFB before the latest reorganisation, wonder why they do not feature in the new ORBAT?

        3 RGR have 180 new infantry recruits just completing Phase 2 training, so are just about up to bn strength, again wonder why they are also omitted from the ORBAT.

        • Morning.

          They do. Look at page 22 11 SFAB, they are there.

          3 RGR is interesting. I have been following Twitter comments on that. Some posters are saying they have reached 2 Companies in size and are going into the Ranger Regiment.
          If this is so it would not be unusual for a Gurkha sub unit to serve in another formation, many of the Gurkha squadrons and companies augment other units.

          So they exist, just maybe not as a separate entity.

          Going through the doc with a fine tooth comb myself checking every unit listed with my own knowledge and checking how things change.
          Much of it is a moving the deck chairs exercise with the usual spin.

        • Update on 3 RGR. F ( Falklands ) Company has formed at RMAS to be part of 2 PWRR, a Ranger Reg btn.
          Maybe this is where the new recruits have gone.

          • I have not gone through the CS and CSS units in detail yet, but first impression is that all have had serious cutbacks. The R Eng look to be at keast 2 regiments short, RLC is down one or more, RA is down by two? etc.

            Have you tallied up the full damage?

            It all makes very depressing reading, it would take years to build up army strength and reestablish the higjly-trained , specialist troops who are currently being axed. It is astonishing how Boris and chums have got away with it without serious questions in Parliament and the media.

            A triumph of spin over reality, sadly.

          • Morning Cripes.
            On paper, as of yet, your first impression is not as bad as you suggest re the CS/CSS elements.
            And I have just finished updating my own files on the forthcoming changes.
            It is the individual internal regiment changes that we will see expansion or reduction which have not been released yet, though I have seen those in the RA.

            I see no loss in RE Regiments, all still there.
            RLC yes I cannot find that 3 CS Log Regiment.
            RA all still there. One LG Regiment switches to MLRS.

            The issue was they were all cut already from 2004 to date, not all by the Conservatives. While keeping sacred infantry battalions of course.

            Cheers.

  17. Lots of political spin of course. I’ll leave detail comments to the professionals but in t I do see some clarity emerging.

    1. We have decided on our main interests / enemies: Putin in Europe, Iran in the ME and African Islamism.
    2. The army have decided to take leaf out of the RN book and adopt forward basing and presumably ‘rotating crews’.
    3. In establishing the Rangers the army has affirmed the regiment as the core ‘family’ unit and to make it self sufficient in skills and equipment. The mechanism for sunsetting regiments is soldier by soldier; skill by skill ; career by career xfer to new units. Semi permanent ‘strike’ etc brigades are dead, long live multi-skilled regiments and support groups. The number of regimental cap badges will fall naturally as soldiers update obsolete skills and move to new units. Like old ships being decommissioned some regiments will become redundant.
    4. We will train and where necessary fight alongside the locals or allies; rarely alone.

    Now the framework is decided we just need to crack on and implement it; personnel xfers, new equipment, training, accommodation etc.

  18. whilst I want to get onboard with this – it is actually the worst kind of opportunism going.

    Firstly, A BCT has integrated Air and has circa 4.5k personnel. Each Brigade is well defined (see more on UK Landpower) and is self sufficient unto c. 30 days.

    A USMC MEU is circa 2.4k personnel, also with integrated Air, perhaps this is a more suitable sizing unit given the UK’s small land force mass.

    The focus on the Ranger regiment and their shiny new rifles is less than 1k personnel and a rebadging exercise of Spec Inf.

    Given the current size of the army I would go with 7 Divisions of 12k personnel each, made up of 5 MEU sized Brigades (4 manoeuvre + 1 Command & Logistics)

    1 Div – Strike
    2 Div – Strike
    3 Div – Armour
    4 Div – Light Infantry
    5 Div – SFG & 16 AAB
    6 Div – Combat Support Group
    7 Div – Other Duties
    8 Div – HQ (2.4k)

    Note: circa 14k RAF to be aligned /integrated into this model with AAC moving under RAF command and structure.

    No other major nation tries to embed their reserves like we do and I am of the view we should separate.

    8 Div – Reserve Armour
    9 Div – Reserve CSS

    To support this we will need circa 5k vehicles per Division to support the industrial strategy it is key we standardise these platforms wherever possible, so for heavy armour we follow the Israeli example and all assets are based upon the tank (merkava/namer), as per the Israelis with so few personnel it becomes critical that we protect them even more.

    This means we have a need for the following vehicle types (Choose your own preference)

    Boxer – 5.6k units
    HX3 – 8k units
    JTLV – 5.6k units
    HMT – 2.8k units
    ISV – 11.2k units
    Armour – 2.6k units
    Specialist vehicles – 5.6k units

    Spread over a 25 year period, whilst allowing for upgrades and new vehicle types the Army would need £3bn per year to make this happen, but it does mean the UK can have its own dedicated military vehicle campus (I would have an industrial estate with all the capabilities rather than a single factory).

    You may say the above is fantasy, but it doesn’t have to happen today, if something like this had been done in SDSR 15 we wouldn’t be in the mess we are today and it is a plan that can be delivered.

    If we need more Support or logistics then 4Div will go to make that happen.

    • Hi, have you made similar points before? An army of 73,000 does not consist of 73,000 Field Army deployable soldiers, any more than all of Tesco’s 336,000 UK employees stack shelves, man tills, drive delivery wagons or manage a store.
      Assuming the 73,000 are all UKTAF/UKTAM (ie trained personnel), then many are in roles or in situations that are inconsistent with them slotting into a deployable division. There are many examples including: Permanently Committed Forces; Trg Org staff, Defence Diplomacy staff, those on Public Duties, those undergoing long-term medical treatment, those on long career courses, those imminently about to be discharged, those in detention in unit lines or at Colchester Corrective Training Centre, those in non-deployable units (Trials units, Garrison HQs, Trg Area admin posts, Procurement posts, Regt recruiting teams, Cadet Trg Teams, attached to Reserve Army units as NRPS etc) etc etc. I wish I had a figure for the above but it has got to be c.5,000.

      What is this A BCT with integrated Air? Air means RAF – no army formation has integrated RAF. Do you mean Avn ie AAC?

      The USMC MEU is hardly a good template for the British army soleley because it is smaller than a Bde/BCT. MEU has a very different role and can be that small size.

      Your 7 Divs of 12k total 84k, so you must be using a good number of Reservists.

      • Hi Graham,

        Things have to change and we now have an army that is almost totally undeployable and realistically we can only deploy around 12k personnel on a sustainable basis at best.

        The 84k does include 12k RAF being moved into the army or aligned to it, so that a ground commander has air assets under their control.

        We currently have an organisation that believes it is bigger than it is and we are not making enough use of the latest tech such as a boxer with Amos mortar or 155mm gun each with 2 or 3 crew. Likewise a boxer IFV with a proper cannon or gun and ATW could go a long way to making up the shortfall in actual people.

        The reason I have settled on 12k per division is that it gives us the different capabilities that HMG are seeking whilst being able to maintain a rotation through the 4 regiments with a separate CSG providing in theatre support.

        If we need more support, logistics or other duties then we need to retask 4 Div light infantry and reduce the combat force

        In the model above there are 12k assigned to other duties and 12k to the field army support function.

        For what it’s worth I believe the army is too small, but it is also really poorly organised and cannot sustain itself in its current form.

        This is my attempt and improving things, and giving guys on the ground a load more firepower. Choose the right vehicles and the logistics chain is dramatically reduced.

        Lastly and importantly HMG seems ok with having a large civilian footprint in the MOD despite statements to the opposite and we can use the reserve and wider UK logistics expertise to fill this gap

        • Hi Pacman, thanks for the swift reply. You are certainly thinking radically; at a time when the army does not fully admit that it could deploy a single division at the moment, you come up with 7 divisions!

          A bit harsh to say that the army is almost totally undeployable – but it depends what you are talking about – we could not field a networked warfighting division with modern heavy equipment – but we can deploy smaller numbers to Kabul airport, Mali, Estonia etc.

          I don’t know if you have served in the Regs or TA/Reserve Army, but I did 34 years in the Regs as an officer. The one thing I have learned about the RAF is they fight a good political fight, like to take over posts, and to maintain footprints everywhere – I still find it baffling that the RN still let them operate off carriers, years after events of 1982 made it a temporary expediency – FAA should have all of the F-35Bs, and MoD should let the RAF have a number of F-35As if they can prove a need, but that’s another story. The RAF would not willingly cut any assets (fixed wing or helos) to the army.

          I would not argue with your figure of a max of 12k deployable on a sustained operation as per Afghan or Iraq (or Northern Ireland, let’s not forget Op Banner). I am not unhappy with that although add a cautionary note that little else would be possible by way of concurrent expeditionary operations, except on a small scale (BG or less).

          I fully agree that the latest tech is conspicuous by its absence, late fielding or its fielding in small numbers. The army of this week has CR2s and AS90s largely unmodernised since fielding in the 90s, Warriors largely unmodernised since fielding in the 80s and CVR(T) only mildly modified since fielding in the 70s. OK, there are a few drones and some ‘modern’ wheeled PM vehicles have been retained from Afghan, but that’s small beer.

          Boxer is quite an old vehicle in design terms (prototypes date back well over 20 years) but its the best we are going to get – I am unexcited at the prospect of these replacing not just 430s and Saxons (which were gifted a while back to Ukraine anyway) but to replace Warrior IFV – they all must have a cannon, but I doubt they will – and I doubt they are as mobile in heavy mud and snow as Warrior.

          A huge amount of smoke and mirrors has been used with the current structure – to convince people of new exciting capabilities, but will there really be enough work for 4 Ranger battalions?

          The post-Cold War army was set at 120,000 regulars under Options for Change – there was no military reasons to cut the number below that.

          • Hi graham

            Understand your concerns, and I am not advocating a smaller military, but am trying to propose a more sustainable working environment that places people first.

            one thing I need to make clear, is that a 12k division delivers 1 MEU on a continuous basis across 4 rotations with an embedded CSG providing ongoing support not the full 12k troops and out of that 12k about 1600 pure infantry dismounts (4 to a vehicle that can surge to 8 should it need to)

            I served 6 years in infantry..

            I totally agree with your points and concerns, and can’t stress enough that with 72k army every vehicle has to make up for the loss of people in terms of firepower and connectivity.

            Personally I think Boxer is too large, and we should look at smaller vehicles that deliver 4 dismounts into the field, so a platoon would be 4 IFV’s with cannons and ATW’s dismounting 16 troops with 4 of these platoons to a company + 1 CISTAR and 1 CSG platoon. bringing a company to 80 people.repeat onwards and upwards.

            I like the Merkava as a tracked vehicle as it is super protected and can carry 4 dismounts. for our heavy brigades perhaps we standardise on this or something similar and go for a single platform that we can manufacture to scale.

            I have standardised on this as clearly the politicians want a bit of every capability, but haven’t a clue on how to deliver it (the same could be said for the army under Carter!!)

            As for the RAF – well the UK military is now smaller than the USMC which has a single command structure, in my opinion this will need to happen in the UK to get what is a good budget working far better than it is today.

            one thing most don’t comment on is the generally poor working conditions that our military operate in. We need to do far more to improve housing, jobs for partners and harmonisation and welfare if we are going to retain those we need.

            nothing in this latest document seems strategic or even well thought through in my opinion, it is really disappointing and a missed opportunity.

          • Always good to have a discussion with you mate.If you go for a smaller APC/IFV that can deliver just 4 dismounts (as Spartan could), then clearly you need twice as many vehicles as Boxers to move a section/platoon/whatever – that may be more expensive.

            Merkava is of course a MBT, that can carry 4 dismounts due to the front engine layout – are you saying they should replace CR2, as well as cart Infantry about? They are expensive compared to an APC/IFV.

            I totally agree on the need to improve conditions.

            The cuts have meant we cannot really do any one thing at scale, in particular warfighting against a peer or near-peer opponent – or just an opponent who has got lots of kit (even if some of it is ageing). With just two tank regiments (really battalions in US-speak) we could not do an operation on the scale of Gulf War 1 again, whether that were to happen in the deserts of the Middle East or Iran or oppsing Russia.

          • agreed..

            I do think we need more vehicles as they have to make up for the shortage in people, also with the move to urban warfare smaller highly protected vehicles may well be the future.

            Merkava is large and very good – not sure they are that expensive given an Ajax is coming in around £10m each!!!

            The design philosophy of it is interesting as the IDF had limited crews and decided they couldn’t afford to lose either equipment or people.. over the years they have added to this with APS etc.

            I also think there is something to be said for having 1 factory producing one tracked vehicles for the UK, it at least gives us some scale which may well keep the cost down.

            We do have some good vehicles that we can align to the new structure, but need to plan very carefully as to what will take over from them (so a Merkava V vehicle could take over from CR3, Ajax, Warrior etc over time).

            Its a difficult one this as I am fed up of the army constantly screwing it up. A 4 person squad will almost certainly be the infantry building block (as per SFG and RM) and the fires will need to come from their vehicle.

            I think we also have to take a realistic view that these mini brigades will be surrounded and have to create a bubble and be able to defend themselves 360′ so they have 4 maneouvre units with a central train…

            We have too much light infantry because it is cheap, not because it is effective. My view is the British Army should be fully mechanised, even if that means Polaris Daggers or similar that can carry a 50 cal and loads of ammo and supplies for the unit.

            Smaller doesn’t mean cheaper, and at some point HMG will find this out.

  19. I am becoming more and more concerned with the strength of the Army. The British Army has commitments beyond its ability to act, lets look at some of these commitments. Main land Europe with NATO this means tanks, artillery,and airpower. Northern Norway, this means mobile medium-light forces, highly mobile but hard hitting and supplies. Falklands type situations, this means mobile medium-light forces but over a contested beach far from home dependent on the supplies carried. Asymetric warfare e.g. N.Ireland, Afganistan, this means light mobile forces with good recon ability. That means the British Army needs everything from Air Transport, Sea Transport, Main Battle Tanks in numbers that matter, my callculation for MBTs is 550 forming three divisions, one of 250 MBT as the Armoured Div and two of 150 each as the Armoured Infantry Divisions, these would have Infantry Fighting Vehiciles, Mobile Artillery etc. This would be the main fighting Corps, one division to be based in either Germany or Poland. Then we need the Medium to Light forces based again around the IFV and the Boxer down to quad bikes. Again three divisions one of tracked IFVs and two Boxers. These to be trained and equipped for Norway, one Brigade to be constantly deployed. Finally comes an Air Assault Division made up of Paras, Rangers, SAS, AAC and RAF transport (A-400s, Chinooks, Puma’s), one brigade to be at 24hours notice. Plus one extra Brigade of Amphibious Assault (these would not be Royal Marines which will do raiding hit and run etc) but soilders that understand assault from the sea equipped with IFVs and Boxers. When checking numbers that means an Army of 120,000 with seven combat divisions. We should then have a reserve force TA of 40,000 that can deploy with 72 hours notice. That would mean we can support NATO, deal with the Falklands undertake asymetric warfare and have a rapid reaction force all at the same time. Otherwise why bother.

    • Good luck persuading the politicians. The last time we had a corps of 3 or 4 divisions we were in the middle of the Cold War. We haven’t had 550 tanks since we had a mixed CR1/CH fleet prior to the mid-90s.

      • Talking of Ajax and Boxer are they’re any updates on how they’re both travelling? Are things getting fixed and any more future orders in the pipeline?

        • Hi Quentin,

          Ajax – Mr David Marsh from MoD’s Infrastructure & Projects Authority was appointed dedicated Senior Responsible Officer (SRO) on 1 Oct; previously the SRO was an army General with a huge number of projects to oversee, and another job on top. My guess is that Marsh will take at least 3 months to review the Ajax programme with the Prime (GDLUK) and to also have discussions with their parent company GD US. My guess is that the noise issue is relatively easily resolved but the vibration and other problems (cannon accuracy and reliability, step climbing ability, performance in reverse gear) will either be very hard to resolve (meaning much more time and money to be spent) or will prove impossible to resolve. I expect some sort of statement in January. I am furious with the multiple cock-ups with this programme – and it is the wrong vehicle for the job.
          https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/ajax-gets-dedicated-senior-responsible-person-to-oversee-project/

          Boxer – I am unexcited at this very expensive and elderly design but we are where we are. As MRAV(eons ago) it would have replaced FV430 and Saxon, and that was it. Water under bridge. Subsequently many (but not all) 430 were upgraded to Bulldog, but it was not much of a life extension – they still need to be pensioned off. Saxon was gifted to the Ukraine and performed much worse than ancient Soviet kit – just embarrassing. Fast forward – some idiot now decides we should not implement WCSP, but instead to scrap Warrior and replace with (more?) Boxer. So much wrong with that move. I very much doubt that Boxer purchase will be cheaper than implementing WCSP, Boxer will not be as good in heavy mud and snow as WR and may not keep up with CR3, we may not get all Boxers with a cannon, therefore infantry firepower will very dramatically reduce and covering fire for dismounting troops will be little to nothing, so most of the PBI will become casualties.
          We have ordered 500 Boxers with first vehicles in service in 2023.

          hhttps://www.army.mod.uk/news-and-events/news/2021/07/the-army-s-boxer-armoured-vehicle-programme-is-on-track/ax

          Just to add to the pain:

          • CRARRV is CR1.5 in technology terms and is not being upgraded.
          • No replacement announced for very old 105mm Light Gun, yet UK industry (BAE Systems) produced a M777 155mm Ultra Light Gun from 2002, in-service for decades with US and other forces.
          • only 148 CR2s of the over 400+ purchased will be upgraded to CR3 standard and most will not be in service until 2030, by which time they will need a further upgrade.
          • No very firm, funded plans to replace the early 1990s AS90 – just vague ideas about MFS coming in from 2029.
          • Watchkeeper is useless in a strong wind!

          I really do despair. No AFVs fielded into core for 20 years and no serious upgrades done, although we used to do a lot of upgrades at Base Overhaul and at other times, and our very good IFV being scrapped! Don’t just blame the army officers in Procurement. Civil servants, defence industry, politicians and the Treasury need to shoulder some blame.

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