The UK Government has admitted that further investment will be required to keep the Hawk T2 trainer aircraft in service until its originally intended out-of-service date (OSD) of 2040.

This admission forms part of the Ministry of Defence’s response to the Defence Committee’s report on Future Aviation Capabilities, published on 21 March 2025.

The Defence Committee had strongly criticised the failure to maintain sovereign production capability for the Hawk, once a mainstay of UK defence exports and fast jet pilot training. In its January report, the committee wrote:

“The Hawk trainer aircraft has been a UK defence export success story, but with domestic production lines closing four years ago the skills and manufacturing capacity which had built up over decades will prove challenging and costly to regenerate.”

“We recognise that innovative training solutions, including modular aircraft and synthetics, may offer new opportunities for industry; but we find the failure to capitalise on the success of Hawk remarkably short-sighted and deeply regrettable.”

In response, the Ministry of Defence noted that the Programme of Record for Hawk T2 had envisioned an OSD of 2040, providing sufficient time to design and develop a successor. However, it acknowledged that recent reviews had cast doubt on the viability of extending the fleet’s life without additional investment:

“It has been assessed that further investment will be required for Hawk T2 to make an OSD of 2040, and alternative options to the Programme of Record are being assessed to ensure the best outcomes for Defence.”

This suggests that the MoD is considering either upgrading the current Hawk fleet or potentially procuring a new platform altogether to fulfil the Advanced Jet Training (AJT) role.

The committee’s broader inquiry into future aviation capabilities has taken on increased urgency as the UK pushes forward with the Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP), a next-generation fighter initiative in partnership with Japan and Italy. As GCAP moves forward, the UK will require a reliable pipeline of trained fast jet pilots—making decisions on the Hawk’s future all the more pressing.

While the Government response stops short of committing to a new platform, it leaves the door open for a review of current AJT strategy, including the role of synthetic training and international collaboration. Further announcements may be expected as part of the wider Strategic Defence Review, which is currently underway.

Photo Trevor Hannant, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

Lisa West
Lisa has a degree in Media & Communication from Glasgow Caledonian University and works with industry news, sifting through press releases in addition to moderating website comments.

46 COMMENTS

    • That would be the sensible, forward thinking solution, beneficial to our industrial base, which is why they won’t adopt it.

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        • a prototype is about to fly. I read the TAI Hürjet is being considered as an off-the-shelf option, but it’s hardly off the shelf as they’ve just launch a 2nd prototype, hardly miles ahead of Aeralis.

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      • They might actually have a chance as they appear to have Qatari money behind them.

        A quick look on the Aeralis website and there is a list of directors with photos and there are two Arab gentlemen on the board and one of them is involved with a Qatari investment organisation – Barzan Holdings.

        Given are ‘alliance’ with Qatar and RAF interest in the project, including some funding a few years back, and I would there is a chance, just a chance…

        We should remember the the Gulf nations are trying to diversify their economies and its not as if they are short of money.

        Cheers CR

  1. Aeralis still in development hell??…Buy off shelf time,so M346..15 for the Red Arrows(I can get my head around them flying a foreign aircraft),20 2 xseat,20 xsingle seat.Take the light fighter avionics as well.

  2. My understanding is that BAE took a business decision not to compete in the trainer market; not enough money to be made. Trainers are a commodity; you buy on price. 5th and 6th gen fighters are a circus act; you buy on supplier expertise.

    • To be fair to BAE, they did have an advanced Hawk demonstrator in 2017 with more agile wing & F-35 similar cockpit. HMG should have bought some as the T3. They did not. So now we are where we are.

      • Ask BAE if they can see their way to making a batch of T3 for less than M346. Unlikely but worth asking how many would make it worth their while.

    • BAE developed a next genAdvanced Hawk in tandem with HAL in India,absolutely no takers though,even the RAF weren’t interested in it.

    • Interesting use of the term ‘circus act’ in my world that is usually if not used literally, used as an insult, ie cheap, disorganised, off the cuff and amateur et al. I assume that’s not your intent so what qualities do you associate it with and are applying by its use here?

      It’s 1940 and the East End of London holds its breath as a circus act of Spitfires led by Squadron Leader Coco the Clown takes off to defend our skies against the evil Luftwaffe. Yep I’m scared.

  3. BAE have dropped the ball here. Hawk has been a successful aircraft. Why isn’t there a Hawk replacement? It is easier to keep a customer than it is to get a new one. That’s business 101. Tempest is at least 10 years away for real sales. BAE could have at least attempted something with SAAB (a better T7 without Boeing?)?

    • The story of Britain, the more successful a product the less likely we are to build something to replace it (certainly soon enough) and foreign businesses who pick up the flow of replacement sooner use it as an opportunity to produce the next generation.

  4. Does Hawk even really need to be replaced? I don’t mean the individual airframes themselves; obviously if they get too long in the tooth they need to be replaced. But would it not be feasible to just buy more Hawk T2s to replace them? I assume they’re still building them?

    Is there any glaring issue with the Hawks that means they’re no longer viable as a fast jet trainer?

    • Production of Hawk ended at Brough when the Qatar order was completed,is the Line still intact probably not.Production might be possible to transfer to Warton but that is a wild guess.

    • To answer your question on the Hawk. The Hawk is a brilliant trainer aircraft. It’s aerobatic performance has only now be surpassed by the likes of the Leonardo M346 and KA-50. Although the original Adour engine is adequate, it was never outstanding, giving the aircraft an average thrust to weight ratio. However, due to aerodynamic “cleanliness” the aircraft retains a lot of energy especially doing high g turns. It could easily keep up with the initial F16A in turns for example. However, one area it suffers in is the high alpha and nose pointability, that aircraft such as the Typhoon and F35 can achieve. Which is where the M346 and KA50 excel.

      All three aircraft are designed as lead-in trainers. This is supposed to introduce a relatively inexperienced pilot into using the aircraft as a weapons platform and introduce tactics on the employment of the weapons. But also to introduce a more complex cockpit environment to increase the understanding of mission management. The Hawk T2 has been introduced with a new wing and an uprated Adour, but also improved avionics. The idea is that the aircraft can now simulate other forms of avionics such as a radar, then show that simulated data on a widescreen display. This was done to lesson the technology change from the basic Hawk T1 to the F35.

      However, this data is simulated. Whereas the KA50 and depending on the variant the M346 has radar, FLIR and feeds from designator pods, to give live feeds. Thereby giving the trainee pilot a much more realistic feel of what’s being displayed and how they respond to it. We now have the F35, whose avionic and sensor fusion is a step above Typhoon’s. Soon we will start getting an idea of what the cockpit environment of Tempest will be. Which is likely to be an evolution of the F35s, but also including a lot more interaction with drones.

      This is the area that the Hawk struggles with. There’s only so much you can do with simulated data. Whereas with the other two aircraft there are significantly more options of what can be delivered to a trainee pilot via live feeds from avionics. Additionally these aircraft can carry a much more varied weapon load configuration, that matches the primary fighter aircraft. The Hawk could have been further developed with a newer high alpha capable wing and higher thrust engine. But its the avionic upgrades that should have been the primary focus. As it stands the T2 can’t compete with the M346 or the KA50.

      I still feel the Aeralis advanced trainer, is trying too hard to be all things to all people. The idea of the aircraft being modular where you can just remove the basic trainer wings to the swept wing advanced trainer, is a commendable ask. But in reality is highly complex to achieve due to the differences between the centre of gravity and the centre of pressure that each wing type generates. How the flight control system then is programmed to control the aircraft depending on the wing set etc. Secondly what avionics fit are they going to have. Will the basic trainer version have the same as the advanced. Would the advance cockpit be too complex for a newbie pilot straight off Grobs?

      • Indeed Davey – to come up with a Modern Jet Trainer is difficult enough, but to somehow produce a Transformer like Modular Design would seriously drain resources and more importantly Finances. Call me a cynic but I just can’t see it happening.

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  6. Will we never learn. Buy British. I am sure BAE could get an aircraft into production fairly quickly.
    On the M346 do we really want to buy from a country that has the most volatile political set up in Europe.

  7. Does no-one plan anything in this country any more? The accountants running BAE are inept – they should have kept Hawkers going one way or another. We successfully killed the rail industry. Car and aircraft now following steel down the drain. Wait for the currency crash when the world realising we are running on borrowed money with people in charge who have no ideas.

  8. RR could I am sure fix the Adour 951 issue with a purely UK solution. BAE were working on a slatted wing for the Hawk. A fix for the 28 in service T2 Hawks with regard to the engines for a start and an order for 20 odd new build Hawks with all the new features (slatted wing, avionics upgrades, clearance for new weapons). Re-open the production line for the Hawk at Warton and get GKN involved in subassemblies. Then, give BAE a contract to develop a new trainer/light attack fighter to replace the Hawk in twenty years time. Then the RAF and RN can have a Hi/LO mix of GCAP Tempest (hopefully naval capable) and the all British Hawk replacement. You are either staying in the aerospace business or you are a real estate business selling off former airfields and factories.

  9. What are Italy and Japan going to use in the future? Perhaps a joint aircraft to meet the needs of GCAP training.

    • Maybe – lots of talk about mutual Trade Deals tied into the GCAP arrangement,Italy is looking at the P1 for MPA,it might be the case that Japan chooses the M-346 to replace it’s Fuji F4’s in return.A GCAP specific Trainer Aircraft is a possibility but very far into the future,it might even be done using Simulator’s like the F35.

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