A report by the Defence Committee concludes that the UK Armed Forces have key capability and stockpile shortages and are losing personnel faster than they can recruit. Let’s take a look at the issues facing the British Army.
Read the full report by clicking here.
The Defence Committee said:
“Using open source evidence provided to us, we have below set out a range of capability gaps and readiness shortfalls in each of the Front Line Commands. We do not doubt that the Government will be able to point to procurement programmes and arrangements with Allies which alleviate the situation. Nevertheless, the evidence we have received demonstrates the scale of the issue.”
General Sir Nick Carter told the Defence Committee that the Army was the “weakest service” and that it had “significant capability deficiencies”. Both Dr Simon Anglim and General Lord Houghton questioned whether the UK could field the heavy division which is committed to NATO without an Ally providing a Brigade.
Professor Malcolm Chalmers questioned whether any such division could be deployed given that the British Army lacked both equipment and the logistics required to support it. Dr Rowan Allport of the Human Security Centre listed the capability resource and readiness shortfalls of the Army which he described as “substantial”.
These included:
- The lack of Infantry Fighting Vehicle once Warrior is replaced by Boxer (which is an Armoured Personnel Carrier);
- The lack of funding for new and upgraded systems with resources only available to procure 1,016 Boxer APCs out of a requirement for 1,305 and 61 Multiple Launch Rocket Systems (MLRS) of a requirement for 75, plus only eight recovery vehicles out of a requirement for 10;
- The reduction in the fleet of Challenger tanks as they are upgraded to Challenger 3s and ammunition shortages for the Challenger 2’s 120mm rifled main gun;
- The delay in the delivery of the Ajax Armoured Fighting Vehicle;
- The readiness of the AS-90 self-propelled artillery fleet which has been reduced by the (necessary) donation of 30 vehicles to Ukraine. The announcement that the UK will purchase 14 Archer artillery systems is not a full recapitalisation;
- Inadequate domestic air and missile defence capabilities. The British Army holds responsibility for the majority of UK ground-based surface-to-air missile unit but only one medium-range and one short-range SAM regular regiments, plus one short-range Army Reserve regiment, are in existence. Ballistic missile defences are absent. Electromagnetic and laser defence systems are largely still in development;
- The bottleneck in procurement and delivery of the replacements for the roughly 6,000 NLAW anti-tank systems and 155mm artillery ammunition which have been vital in the Ukrainian Armed Forces fight against Russia. Replacements will only begin to be delivered at scale during 2024;
- An absence of regular Army close support artillery, engineering, REME and logistics support within the 4th Light Brigade Combat Team, with only Army Reserve units in these roles attached. This leaves the brigade unusable at short notice;
- A lack of air transport (chiefly sourced from the RAF) to support the ‘Persistent Engagement’ strategy. The forward deployment of Special Forces, elements of the Army Special Operations Brigade and Security Forces Assistance Brigade will require extensive fixed and rotary winged air transport support. This lack of air transport capacity appears to have led the MoD to outsource parachute training to the private sector, with a contract opportunity of up to eight years running from Q1 2025 having been recently published;
- 3 Commando Brigade, historically the lead UK northern flank land formation, is no longer able to deploy at brigade strength. The Army has made some advances in this area but more can still be done to ensure an adequate capacity to operate in this increasingly important region. The MoD’s 2022 Arctic defence strategy document, The UK’s Defence Contribution in the High North, outlines current departmental efforts but is short on quantifiable specifics.
Nothing new then. 😡
Who would have thought getting rid of equipment and manpower would create shortages!
Politicians didn’t. 🙄
Tell me something we didn’t already know. Consecutive government have put us all at risk
Yes, I don’t think Labour would have done much better (they do like to spend others’ cash so possibly fractionally better temporarily), but I have to agree with you – the Tories (these are not conservatives) have abandoned their first responsibility.
Moreover, we are at 45% of GDP spent on funding the state and we can’t maintain our armed services – shocking. Note, figures much above 40% or below 30% tend to imply fiscal drag or insufficient public investment and result in declining economic performance.
This is the culture of the land today, you can’t expect citizens to put 2-3% GDP in defence if most of them don’t care about it.
My head is my hands, I could weep at the decimation of the Army I served for 24 years.
Thank you for yout service Ian.
Thanks, good times.
It is all rather frustrating!
Surprisingly, at my age, I still have a goodly amount of (grey) hair to pull out!😡
😁 I have not reached the going grey hair stage yet. Probably will start to go grey soon though, if we have any more articles like this one. 😞
What I find most concerning from a political viewpoint is that most of the people ignoring the implications of these cuts or failures to even respond sufficiently will have the option to get out to the Americas should a threat of actual invasion becomes real. Indeed for our glorious PM it would likely be a big bonus to his career or simply bring the opportunity forward.
Ah! The old “VIP”, remote government card.
Those who hold the purse strings have not got a clue..and they think they are doing a grand job.
That’s an excellent innings Ian, thank you for your service.
👍
We know the truth of this but to have it listed so starkly sends a chill down my spine and to think after the warnings from at the very least 2014 and yet little sign of any lack of urgency to rectify it since is beyond competence even as in that time the Govt offered British forces in support of no end of scenarios not unlike Hitler inventing military forces from his bunker as Generals looked on incredulously but unable or willing to express actual strategic realities. The loss of personnel is the most worrying however as we get softer and other opportunities increase the desire to serve in the forces inevitably decreases and as a conflict becomes more likely this will only increase.
Yep, shambles doesn’t even begin to describe the situation. Those listed above are probably only some of the issues. Take in accommodation, increased time spent away from families due to shortage of troops but increasing commitments etc, etc.
Problem as usual is Money. The budget is allocated out and due to stupid decisions in previous years to save a few quid is costing millions extra in future Years. This not only costs more but creates gaps
It is not. The problem is culture.
Carter has got some balls to say that after being the architect of Army 2020! We knew it wasn’t going to work, we said it wasn’t going to work and were told to wind our necks in, because Defence was lucky not to be in for more of a cut.
So Gen Carter who is the architect of Army 2020 now turns rounds and say it isn’t going to work !!
Just like Lord West complaining about lack of escorts when in fact when he was at the helm under Labour the escort fleet was collapsing from 35 to 23.
Nothing to see here…
Yep he is another classic” forget what happed on my watch”
This!!!! BRAVO!!! He has a nerve. It was his “Army 2020 Refine” in 2015 that prioritised Boxer over all else, while cutting CS and CSS formations.
Boxer was meant to be MIV from 2027 only once CH3, Ajax and WCSP were sorted. Instead, it was brought forward while the other 3 were underway.
Something had to go to pay and it was WCSP.
I’m still mostly upset with him for stopping us wearing white shirts (his own regiment) lol
At least you’ve got your priorities right, Bob! 😃
Not heard that story. What are the details?
In essence, when Carter was CGS, he wanted to create literal uniformity across the Army. In his words “The Americans think we’re a joke.” Now clearly, something very close to the heart of Riflemen is the wearing of white shirts and whistle cords with combats in barracks.
Carter was also Col Commandant and so the regimental HQ released something along the lines of “CGS can’t be seen to be making the Army conform when his own regiment is one of the worst offenders – so the wearing of white shirts is to cease immediately”
I know it’s really minor, but it upset quite a few people. It’s those little strings of difference that help build esprit de corps.
I thought that the regimental system, with its differences, was one of the things that set the British Army apart and as you say, built identity and espirit de corps into it.
Why change it??! What is the advantage?
Well it would save money to have one Infantry Uniform instead of having to have like… six. Plus it would make career management easier, especially since with the modern Divisions of the Infantry the Regimental system isn’t exactly as insular as it once was. Essentially only the Paras, Rifles and Guards (not individually but collectively) are a regiment in the old sense.
Carter seems to have upset just about everyone!
I remember when REME introduced a stable belt with 2 side-fastening leather straps to replace the one with central buckle. Very unpopular, esecially as we used the buckle as a bottle opener!
The Americans don’t think our army is a joke because there are some regimental eccentricities on display. It is far more likely that they have a poor opinion for the reasons stated in this article, low numbers of men and platforms and much aged and unmodernised kit.
I see it differently Daniele, given that WCSP was a much cheaper programme than Boxer. [Greater savings would have accrued if Boxer had been scrapped rather than WCSP].
Carter created the demand for Boxer with his two Strike brigades which were the home for mech inf. Once they were sacked off there was no place for the Boxers to go – how embarrassing! Hence they go to the two armoured brigades to alleviate this embarrassment. Now the Inf ‘don’t need’ WCSP! All of which conveniently forgets of course that AI and Mech Inf are totally different – different roles, different kit.
I don’t think we see it differently mate. Maybe you didn’t get my meaning?
I support WCSP over Boxer.
Boxer should not yet exist, and the army should have stuck to to 2010 “Army 2020” plan of 1 Armoured Division of 3 Armoured Infantry Bdes, with its supports in place, PLUS 2 other infantry Bdes in 1 UK that in theory were deployable as the CS CSS formations existed for them.
So the old rule of 5, and ability to roule.
That we had, and it’s assets were being recapitalised, until bloody Carter and his Strike Bdes arrived. Which incidentally also cost in that 2015 review CS and CSS formations in 3 UK and 16AAand 3 Cdo Bdes.
Strike was fine, if furnished correctly and using a Bde from 1 UK, not cutting a precious Armoured Brigade from 3 UK and all the IFVs to boot!!!! 🤪
Carter should be in court….along with DS Fallon for supporting it all.
He really did ruin it. The shirts thing is important even tho it is just a shirt. It gives a unit an identity and some people aspire to be in that group no matter how silly that seems to some.
I don’t get how we can all see what’s needed but the folks in charge can’t.
Heavy bunch need tanks, IFVs, Ajax mobile artillery, air defence and it all has to be able to cover the same terrain and same speeds. It also needs all the support, supply to go with it. Having 3 of allows rotation.
The lighter units need there own stuff and the helicopters to support.
The price of boxer is about the same as a new IFV. Half the boxer buy and get 500 IFV. Hell get 350 good ones.
Then when funding is freed up get boxer or another vehicle to replace FV432s.
There is enough work for a decade at least of armoured vehicle production that may of had the chance of exports and supported jobs in the U.K.
instead we have bits of boxer being assembled at one factory, Ajax and friends being built in wales with probably no hope of future work.
Thanks Daniele, I was trying to give my take on why WCSP was cancelled, not that the money tree had bare branches and could not afford all army AFV projects, but that a ‘home’ had to be found for Boxer to end political embarrassment once the Strike brigades (original ‘home’) had been cancelled.
I agree with all your points.
I wait to see what the army staff conclude from their study into ‘a the lethality of Boxer’ – they have been at it since last March or April! Maybe the Tr2 Inf section carriers will come with Kongsberg RS6 PROTECTOR RWS and a cannon. The smaller RS4 has already been ordered for the Tr1 vehs – many may well alrreqady have been delivered to the German build line, if not to the UK build line.
Bottom line is that the army has always had heavy, medium and light forces. Strike brigades with Boxer would have been the medium weight ‘solution’. Bad idea to push Boxer up into the heavy metal area of business – ground may not be taken and lives may be lost without 30 or 40mm supporting cannon fire.
The German companies that comprise ARTEC also make the Puma IFV. We should negotiate a change in the Boxer contract and exchange some Boxers for Pumas.
There’s a thought. How many bns in the ABCTs should be IFV in Puma and how many in Boxer?
Perhaps one bn per bde to be Puma IFV.
I’ll leave the details on costs and numbers for the professionals to work out. It just occurred to me that it was an idea worth exploring since my understanding is that Boxer is funded. So far as can see the Puma is a decent IFV.
How about halving the Boxer order and ordering something like the Patrica for other roles rather than using one of the most expensive options for everything?
Even with Warrior they did not completely replace the 432s and so 432s and Spartans continued in other roles while Warrior did the IFV bit.
Would save a shed load of money to go towards your IFVs.
Previously the AI Bdes had 2x Warrior Bn and 1 x Masiff Bn as Heavy Protected Mobility.
So 2 of IFV, 1 Boxer or 2 Boxer, 1 IFV, whichever.
Would that be Patria, rather than Patrica? The Finnish 8×8? Hmm, not sure. Its a bit odd having 2 different makes of huge wheeled armoured vehicles in the ABCT Orbat. ARTEC would no doubt bill the MoD cancellation charges, which might be swingeing – that may offset any savings that could be made by buying a vehicle which is probably cheaper than Boxer.
Out of interest Patria 8×8 has exported well and can take heavy ordnance (from 30mm cannon to 105mm guns to twin 120 mortars etc).
You touch on a subject of huge annoyance to me – not buying enough replacement kit. We bought 789 Warriors (of all variants) to replace….wait for it….2,500 FV430s. Absolutely hopeless. So we run on a huge number of 430s, mixing them in AI Bns with Warrior – with 432 Ambulances and Mortar wagons not being able to keep up with the Warriors they are meant to be supporting. To think we still have that mess today, decades after Warrior was first fielded.
We have had mixed fleets elsewhere. We ran a Chieftain/CR1 mixed fleet from about 1983-1998, as we only bought 435 CR1s when the Chieftain fleet needing replacement was about 900 strong. Mind you, there were only 435 CR1s to be had from the Shah’s cancelled order but MoD could have ordered more.
Its a bit like the RAF operating both Typhoon and Phantoms!
I have no problem with an armoured brigade having IFVs to work with the tanks and wheeled APCs with MGs or PM vehicles to operate a tactical bound behind them as a second echelon – if there is not enough cash in the kitty to operate an all-IFV AI force in the armoured brigade. ie the combination of Warriors and Mastiff that you mention.
A poster on the F35 138 article was asking about tanks on SPTA. Mid way down thread. I replied best I could but told him you were the man to comment.
I have answered but range-work by tanks was not something I got involved in.
Absolutely.
It isn’t just lack of funding. Add together the money spent on FRES, Warrior CSP and Ajax and you could buy a lot of kit. Plus the prioritising of keeping light infantry cap badges over armour, long range fires or air defence. There is a succession of CGS and CDS (most of whom have been Army in recent years) who have their share of blame in bringing things to this state.
Absolutely right. The army themselves take a large slice of blame for this. The funding has been there but they piss it up the wall and keep changing priorities.
We are in a Conservative election year, which means tax cuts now at expense of public services cuts after the election. In other words things aren’t going to be getting any better in respect of the gaps.
This reduction in manpower and shortage of equipment has been snowballing since the late 80’s/ early 90’s. Successive governments have preferred to spend more on the welfare bill whilst taking funds from defence budgets. Constant reductions in the manpower, failure to provide spares packages with new equipment, poorly managed procurement processes amongst other things have hit is to this stage. I served for 23 years Royal Armoured corps and then spent another 22 years in the UK defence industry and have witnessed so much waste of time and money.
“Inadequate domestic air and missile defence capabilities. The British Army holds responsibility for the majority of UK ground-based surface-to-air missile unit but only one medium-range and one short-range SAM regular regiments, plus one short-range Army Reserve regiment, are in existence.”
This actually predates the Tories. It has been known about for years. And when General Carter had his A2020 Refine it was ignored in favour of going all in on Boxer.
How about ignoring Boxer, keeping it to its original date of 2027 ( As MIV ) and spending those billions on getting the heavy stuff sorted ( Warrior, Ajax, CH3 ) and improving the even then gaps in artillery, air defence, and CS CSS formations?
But but my strike brigade legacy. How else will troops wizz around a country taking out machine gun wielding bad guys.
I hope they have big roads as boxer is freaking massive. Have you seen a picture of it next to a tank? It’s bigger than everything.
Google boxer and a tank and look at images.
I’ve been told Carter wished to copy other European nations with a heavy, medium, light mix. Sadly, they cut the heavy to get the medium ( wheels, Boxer )
He wanted to race to Tallin on wheeled Bdes.
But it gets worse. At the same time much of this Strike business was to be based in Catterick, even further from the channel tunnel where they’d need to go, while the army dismantled what little railway capability it had left…And some of the previous HETs.
Logical?
It’s almost as if they’re batting for the other side.
Previous….Precious.
If he wanted to copy Italians and French then he need to have Boxer “Centauro” of sorts. But that was never in the picture.
Agreed. Dern suggested that vehicle to me months ago in a detailed discussion we were having on the subject. Looks the part doesn’t it.
As opposed to using tracked Ajax as per their Strike Bde plan.
Haven’t seen pictures of one next to a tank, but I’ve been in one.
I remember when UK was first involved in Boxer (1996-Jul 2003). Someone had drawn a mural of the sideways view of Boxer at exact 1:1 scale on a wall at Abbeywood. Most passers-by were convinced that the mural was larger than real life. Lots of head-scratching as to how this thing was going to fit in a Herc!
Well this government arnt going to do anything about it or any other party the UK have at the moment 😕 🇬🇧
We have the finest men and women in our armed forces who are expected to serve the nation proud, so you pen pushers in whitehall give them the resources to make it happen. Sort of the sham procurement system and make the funds available to support our armed forces to allow them to do their job. Sick of hearing we spend fhe 3rd highest in Nato on Defence, but equally we have one of the worst track records for spending it. Cutting corners in our Navy, having billion dollar destroyers with no offensive capability, 3 billion dollar aircraft carriers and not enough planes to fill them both, alongside enough ships to form two Aircraft Carrier Groups and a virtually non existant Air defense shield for a country, and a tank force that is so small that you could fit them on a football pitch AND This government expect the armed forces to be able to do their best with this.
Give our armed forces what they need before we have nothing left to fight for.
Now I admit that I don’t have any inside knowledge regarding any of the projects past or present other than what is in the public domain but I have always thought that one of the british military biggest problems was the inability to use off the self solutions and rather start large and expensive development programs which inevitably overrun and become far more expensive than expected leading to less systems within a project being purchased.
Just for example take the Bowman and Morpheus debacle. With the morpheus project now being cancelled as of Dec 23 I would hate to see the waste of money already spent. What was wrong with using a suitable system already available just as an example the Harris now L3harris Falcon radio family as this has been proven in large scale though multiple users and has the proven ability to be produced in the quantity needed quickly.
Or shall we mention the dreaded word Ajax!!
With how much its costing to develop and produce how did it win against battle proven and relatively easily upgradeable systems like the CV90. How could the system win a competition when it has taken years just to get basic problems resolved??
Now I’m sure there will be insiders who come along and say “oh well this or that special capability wasn’t available” or “it wasn’t the perfect solution to our needs”.
Well unfortunately a “perfect” system is useless to us if you can’t get it to work after years of development or if when you finally start producing the system it’s already outdated.
There is one saying that I think applying to everything. Life,Business and probably most especially the military. I think its from Voltair but I may be wrong.
“Perfect is the enemy of good”
Well that’s my little rant over. Feel free to moan at me or rip me to shreads if you have a better idea. 🙂
The Tories have run the Army into the ground, is there any indication that Labour will do any better? Sadly, I am not hopeful.
Wow man… No one ever mentioned this before! The British Army has been run down for years, and now lacks the ability to go to war for any sustained period?
Surely you jest… a governments primary role is to protect the country and its citizens, and we haven’t been able to do that for years?
Wow surely that cannot be true?
Sir Humphrey with sarcasm tone in voice…
The primary function of a democratic government is to buy people votes.
The big problem across the services is that everyone want modern equipment but less in numbers, take challenger tanks, 140 challenger 3 or 300 challenger 2, which wins in a battle? If we can’t afford to upgrade sufficient numbers have a mixed fleet.
It’s the same with missiles and artillery, lobbing 1980s munitions makes more of an impact than sending fresh air.
There really appears a preference for a capability gap rather than using old equipment.
I bet the army doesn’t want a mere 148 CR3 tanks to replace the 386 CR2s that were previously purchased. Procurement quantity is forced by the Orbat (only 2 armoured regiments) and the budget, both shaped by politicians.
Fair point about considering making do with a mixed fleet – we ran a CH/CR1 mixed fleet from about 1983 to 1998.