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What is the annual running cost of a British Army brigade?

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What is the annual running cost of a British Army brigade?
Image Crown Copyright 2022. The British Army’s global response force is training to show it’s readiness to respond to global crises alongside allied airborne forces. Exercise Swift Response sees 16 Air Assault Brigade Combat Team take command of more than 3,000 soldiers from 8 NATO countries training together in North Macedonia. Some 2,000 British troops and 500 vehicles from the 2 PARA Battlegroup and attack, reconnaissance and support helicopters of Aviation Task Force 1 have travelled across Europe by road, rail, air and sea for the six-week-long exercise (21 Apr – 31 May). It starts with preparatory training to build the joint force’s skills and relationships before it deploys by parachute and helicopter to practise offensive and defensive operations on the rugged Krivolak training area. The manoeuvres in North Macedonia are one element of a wider exercise, with multinational forces under the direction of US Army Europe and Africa conducting simultaneous training across Europe – from the High North to the Balkans.

There is no ‘standard’ brigade however, here’s a cross-section of brigades and their running costs.

James Heappey, Minister of State at the Ministry of Defence, responded:

“There is no ‘standard’ brigade however, we can provide running costs for a cross section of the Army’s capability in financial year 2021-22. The workforce and activity costs to maintain the following brigades at routine levels of readiness, and at full strength, are as follows:

4th Infantry Brigade (to become 4th Light Brigade Combat Team) (which does not include Engineers or Artillery) costs c£140 million p.a.

20th Armoured Brigade Combat Team (including attached Engineers and Artillery) costs c£300 million p.a.

102 Logistic Brigade’s costs are similar to that of a light brigade at c£150 million p.a.

These figures are inclusive of pay and operating costs (fuel, rations, travel and ammunition) however, due to the way in which the Army measures and forecasts its spend, it has not been possible to include infrastructure, utilities and equipment running costs at brigade level.”

What is a brigade?

According to the National Army Museum, a Brigade is a formation consisting of three infantry battalions or three cavalry or armoured regiments. During the world wars, a brigade numbered between 3,500 and 4,000 men.

“When forming part of a division, a brigade has no internal support. But when operating independently (usually called a brigade group), it includes supporting reconnaissance, artillery, engineers, supply and transport. A brigade is commanded by a major-general or brigadier.”

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Geoff Roach
Geoff Roach
1 year ago

Very good value for money in my book.

Mark B
Mark B
1 year ago
Reply to  Geoff Roach

I’m not sure how you define value for money here. They certainly aren’t defeating anyone because we are not actively at war – we probably are deterring but really only as part of NATO. It is also perhaps true to say that the biggest costs are kit and we perhaps need to update much of that. Knowing the cost is really only useful if you are going to cut or add forces. If you are going to add then you need to consider recruitment difficulties etc. etc. Interesting to know but does this get us any further forward.

David Flandry
David Flandry
1 year ago
Reply to  Mark B

We are not at war because of these troops.😅

Graham Moore
Graham Moore
1 year ago
Reply to  Mark B

The army does not just exist to conduct warfighting – that is a very, very small part of a soldiers career. Just as firefighters spend very little time (overall) fighting fires and police officers very little time arresting criminals. So what if we are deterring as part of NATO? We are in NATO – that’s what we do. Much time is spent by army folk on defence diplomacy, deterrence missions, training foreign armies, MACA/MACM – which are all very good outputs. Of course a massive amount of time is spent in personal and collective training, equipment maintenance, admin – which… Read more »

Daniele Mandelli
Daniele Mandelli
1 year ago

Oh, that’s a shame, I was expecting the entire Bde ORBAT not just 3.

Andy P
Andy P
1 year ago

Some of you pongo types will know better than me but a mate has told me that a lot of the infantry regiments are massively undermanned so while they have X number of platoons, companies etc on paper, they’re far from full strength. Maybe part of why they have cherry picked which units to use, dunno.

Daniele Mandelli
Daniele Mandelli
1 year ago
Reply to  Andy P

Yes, it’s true. 5(?) Bns have been reduced to reinforced company size for the SFAB, others are at reduced establishment. I’d also read of a cynical explanation for the SFAB that they could then use the saved headcount to beef up some of the understrength formations. Considering the army has 17 ( off my head there may be more I miss ) Bde sized formations, some of which are termed “Groups” then listing just 3 means the problem is out of control! So I doubt that is the reason. The BCT title I find strange. They are Brigades. I think… Read more »

Monkey spanker
Monkey spanker
1 year ago

I have the Fijian regiment near me. Sorry I mean 2Scots😂😂😂
If that’s what’s needed to keep to strength then that’s what’s needed.
Personally I think recruitment could do wonders if it would take people instantly instead of these massive waits.
So if am a young person who wants to get away from home I can get accommodation that night or next day and start the process soon after.

Last edited 1 year ago by Monkey spanker
Daniele Mandelli
Daniele Mandelli
1 year ago
Reply to  Monkey spanker

Scots Battalions have been well below strength for years I read.

Which is why there was anger when fully subscribed English battalions like the Fusiliers got it in the neck to keep playing to the politics and keeping Scottish Battalion names alive.

But it is a “British” Army so it is right that all areas are represented.

grizzler
grizzler
1 year ago

errr but a name isnt a representation – the people contained therin are surely ?

Dern
Dern
1 year ago

Hardly a reinforced Coy, an SFAB battalion is close to 400 men. Yes blokes who don’t make the cut will be sent to other units. The alternative would be to kick them out of the army.

Last edited 1 year ago by Dern
Daniele Mandelli
Daniele Mandelli
1 year ago
Reply to  Dern

That many?
Interesting, thanks, I thought they were well under 300.
Do you know their Bn ORBATS?
I’ve not got round to looking into them in depth.

Dern
Dern
1 year ago

It’s not avaliable to the public yet as far as I can see. My numbers are really estimates.

Graham Moore
Graham Moore
1 year ago

The Company in FI, for example, is 110 strong. A reinforced company might be 120-140 strong. A battalion is at least 2 rifle companies with a BHQ and an HQ Coy. A unit of 400 is certainly a Bn(-) rather than a Coy(+).

John Stott
John Stott
1 year ago
Reply to  Andy P

Pongo arithmetic is very suss. I joined the TA after Rocks ( because of free shooting honest ) We were a one third strength platoon but on paper we were put as full strength. I think, seriously, the recruitment shambles and politicians like Johnson telling lies have lead to cap badge fears so the numbers are manipulated. Sort out recruitment and give solid none negotiable funding for a ten year period, and the problem should go away.

Martin
Martin
1 year ago

At £300 million a year for an armoured brigade you wonder where £40 billion a year goes.

Johan
Johan
1 year ago
Reply to  Martin

Currently there are more ex forces taking a pension than active. Hidden cost when half the budget is lost before it buys a pen.

David Barry
David Barry
1 year ago
Reply to  Johan

Perhaps Tony Blair saw the writing on the wall and committed guys to Telic and Herrick with insufficient air mobile support and personal protection…

Not all Labour are good.

Monkey spanker
Monkey spanker
1 year ago
Reply to  David Barry

What is it your trying to say? I’m not seeing it.
If it’s about the conflicts my view was
The U.K. forces supported our main ally when the asked for help. Tony Blair and George bush had a close relationship. I’ve never seen a U.K. prime minister since have meetings with a U.S. president as much as those 2.
Unfortunately you have to go to war with what you have available at the time.

Daniele Mandelli
Daniele Mandelli
1 year ago
Reply to  Monkey spanker

committed guys to Telic and Herrick with insufficient air mobile support and personal protection…”

Examples, Land Rovers in Afghanistan. Lack of helicopters ( as ever, maybe getting worse soon ) in Afghanistan and Iraq. We had to buy 6 Merlin straight from the factory that were due to go to the Danes as the RAF was so short.

You do have to go to war with what is available, yes, but I think David is highlighting Blairs grandstanding and still happy to send his military to war under equipped.

A long standing trait in our leaders since too.

Monkey spanker
Monkey spanker
1 year ago

I get that bit. It was the Blair saw the writing on the wall so committed guys.
You know what some can be like. Write one thing but mean something sinister.
I’m not saying that’s what the post was doing. I’m saying I’m a bit thick and reading is not my specialist subject. 😂😂

Daniele Mandelli
Daniele Mandelli
1 year ago
Reply to  Monkey spanker

Me neither! I completely missed the anti war regiment on the other article.

Monkey spanker
Monkey spanker
1 year ago

Anyways we are where we are. More capable, improved lethality, do more with less forces. 🙄👍🏻

Daniele Mandelli
Daniele Mandelli
1 year ago
Reply to  Monkey spanker

Ah, you missed the key word. “Agile”

We do have deployable, well trained, and in many areas well equipped forces. Whether they are agile is debatable as they lack even a slender depth in many areas.

grizzler
grizzler
1 year ago
Reply to  Monkey spanker

yeah I hear Blair liked to have his tummy tickled in those meetings..where he sniffed with his wet nose I can only imagine.
Oh and dont forget he got a nice juicy bone at the end of it …All those after dinner speechs in the US made him a very rich man.

David Steeper
1 year ago
Reply to  grizzler

You’re probably being generous to him. I voted for him at least once. 😫😩

Graham Moore
Graham Moore
1 year ago
Reply to  David Barry

We deployed on HERRICK with insufficient troops – we needed a division in Helmand not a Bde(+).

Tom Keane
Tom Keane
1 year ago
Reply to  Johan

So military pensions come out of the defence budget, and not from the DWP?

Crabfat
Crabfat
1 year ago
Reply to  Tom Keane

My State (old age) pension comes the via the DWP, whilst my mil pension is administered by Equinity. Who holds the purse from where the actual dosh for my mil pension comes from – MoD or Treasury – I don’t know.

Supportive Bloke
Supportive Bloke
1 year ago
Reply to  Tom Keane

Yes

Graham Moore
Graham Moore
1 year ago
Reply to  Tom Keane

Correct – always have done.

grizzler
grizzler
1 year ago
Reply to  Tom Keane

I believe Osbourne was responsible for that sleight of hand – at least to inc. pensions in the defence budget figures to ensure it met the 2% min…but I may be wrong!

Supportive Bloke
Supportive Bloke
1 year ago
Reply to  Johan

That is what you get for drastic downscaling. British army is around 1/10 of what it was in the 1950’s: if I recall correctly.

It was kind of the pain that the former nationalised industries went through when they slimmed down too. Carry an unsupportable large pension tail with them as returns got worse and lifespan extended.

Monkey spanker
Monkey spanker
1 year ago

George Osborne did some pretty creative accounting to keep U.K. defence spending at 2% of GDP. Can’t remember if it was pensions he added into the budget but it was things like it that used to be funded from outside the defence budget. That made the 2010-15 cuts magically disappear.

Fen Tiger
Fen Tiger
1 year ago
Reply to  Monkey spanker

What is the annual cost of Pensions to the Defence Budget?

Angus
Angus
1 year ago
Reply to  Monkey spanker

yes he added pensions to it to make it up to 2% GDP. And the pensions have already been paid for from your service as that is all part of the annual cost of each and every service person, so budget getting seen off again. Also think the National Deterrent should go back to being paid for separately as it once, not out of the MOD budget.

Daniele Mandelli
Daniele Mandelli
1 year ago
Reply to  Angus

Exactly. The Elephant in the room. Only operational costs of the deterrent should be paid for by MoD, not its capital costs like AWE infrastructure and build of successor. They are political weapons as well as the ultimate defensive deterrent.

David Barry
David Barry
1 year ago
Reply to  Monkey spanker

CASD was put into the budget as well as GCHQ and such like.

Daniele Mandelli
Daniele Mandelli
1 year ago
Reply to  David Barry

“as well as GCHQ and such like.” That has always been a bit murky to me. I have not seen definitive proof the SIA, or most of it, is included in the % GDP on defence. It is difficult to say for certain as much of the infrastructure and personnel of the GCHQ, and smaller amounts for SIS and the SS, is supplied from the military/MoD, and has been for decades long before Osbornes creative accounting. Suggesting we copied the US, as I have read, is not helpful, as a huge % of their intelligence bill comes under the Pentagon/DoD… Read more »

John Clark
John Clark
1 year ago

I didn’t know pensions came out of the core budget….

Supportive Bloke
Supportive Bloke
1 year ago
Reply to  John Clark

In a sense as the very large number of older pensioners pass to a better place the actual budget will increase.

Army was 500k in 1960’s still was 350k in 1982 I think(?).

It is what blows the hole in things.

Simon
Simon
1 year ago

National service ended in 1960 which cut down the size of the army quite bit. National Serviceman were paid less the regulars and I expect didn’t get any pensions rights. Pretty sure forces pensions are totally unfunded as well (happy to be corrected if that is wrong)

Daniele Mandelli
Daniele Mandelli
1 year ago
Reply to  John Clark

Did you not mate? Yep, blasted Osborne, I can still see the smirk on his face. Where is he now anyway?

Graham Moore
Graham Moore
1 year ago

The army has been cut back once or twice a decade since the end of the Korean War (1953).

Supportive Bloke
Supportive Bloke
1 year ago
Reply to  Graham Moore

I agree.

Army is too small.

Army needs more AAW, tanks and AFVs and long range FIRES.

The last pint us being made in spades in Ukraine.

Tams
Tams
1 year ago
Reply to  Johan

‘Lost’ is a misleading way to put it. It’s a necessary part of the armed forces spending.

Be grateful we don’t have the post-service care bills the US have.

Graham Moore
Graham Moore
1 year ago
Reply to  Tams

Tams, are you pleased that we don’t have Veterans hospitals? [We don’t even have any for active-duty servicemen, as you know].

Tams
Tams
1 year ago
Reply to  Graham Moore

We have this wonderful service called the NHS, who do have special services for service people.

And I clearly said that the care of service people is important. So knock the selective bull off.

Graham Moore
Graham Moore
1 year ago
Reply to  Tams

Apologies Tams. I miscontrued your comment.

Dern
Dern
1 year ago
Reply to  Martin

Well for starters the British Army has about 26 Brigade equivalents.
Then you have the defence infrastructure spent (keeping bases and training areas maintained).
Then you have the equipment plan (Insert cries of Ajax here).
Then you have operational costs, the army is still globally deployed.
Then you have Pensions, settlements, benefits etc
Then lets remember there’s three services, including a nuclear deterrent.
… I could go on.

Daniele Mandelli
Daniele Mandelli
1 year ago
Reply to  Dern

Ah, just the man.

😆 Off my head I counted 17 as I mentioned in my post, I may have missed some, who did I miss?

12 and 20 BCT.
7 LMB CT.
4 LBCT.
16 AA Bde.
DRSB.
2 MG
7 ADG
8 EB
101 LB
102 LB
104 LSB
1 SB
11 SB
SOB
SFAB
DSF ( UKSFG )

I guess you are including 19 Bde and the regional formations like 160B, 38B, and the L District?

Dern
Dern
1 year ago

It was a rough count at 2am so, not going to stand by my numbers.

  1. 104 Log X
  2. 1st Signal X
  3. 7 LBCT
  4. 4 LBCT
  5. 19 LX
  6. 11 SFA
  7. 8 Engineer X
  8. 102 Log X
  9. 1 UK Information Manuever
  10. 12 Armoured
  11. 20 Armoured
  12. 1 DSR
  13. 7 AD Group
  14. 25 Engineer Group
  15. 101 Log X
  16. 7 Signals Group+Info Maneuver 3 UK
  17. ASOB
  18. 77 X
  19. 16 AA
  20. ISR Group
  21. 2 Med Group
  22. London District
  23. 1 Aviation X
  24. 1 RMP Group

Okay so my rough count in the middle of the night was off by 2.

Daniele Mandelli
Daniele Mandelli
1 year ago
Reply to  Dern

😆No worries, I’m not holding you too it just curious what was missed. I missed 1 Aviation, the RMP Bde, the ISR Group, and heaven forbid the dreaded 77 out of my off my head list. How could I….!

Dern
Dern
1 year ago

Just the way they want it.

Graham Moore
Graham Moore
1 year ago
Reply to  Martin

Martin, where are you coming from with your comment?

Dern
Dern
1 year ago

That brigade definition is a bit suspect and out of date. “A brigade has no internal support” really? Because the British Army has had CS and CSS units in their brigades for my entire career. 3 Battalions or 3 Regiments? Let’s look.. 20th AI: 2 Cavalry and 3 Infantry, so not 3 of one or the other. 12th AI: 2 Cavalry and 2 Infantry… same again. 7 LMBCT: 1 Cav+ 4 Infantry 4 LBCT: 1 Cav + 5 Infantry 16AA+SFAB+ASOB: 4 Infantry. 19 LBCT: 2 Cav + 8 Infantry. Literally the only brigade that fits the NAM’s definition of Brigade… Read more »

Graham Moore
Graham Moore
1 year ago
Reply to  Dern

….and I have never seen a brigade commanded by a Maj Gen.

Dern
Dern
1 year ago
Reply to  Graham Moore

Not even by a model of a modern major general?

grizzler
grizzler
1 year ago
Reply to  Dern

Only if he know’s the kings of England, and can quote the fights historical ,from Marathon to Waterloo, in order categorical…

Daniele Mandelli
Daniele Mandelli
1 year ago
Reply to  Graham Moore

True. There is one, technically speaking. The DSF ( UKSFG ) was upgraded to
2 * and in reality is a brigade sized formation when all the bits and pieces are considered.

Though it does not fall under Field Army or any other Land command.

Graham Moore
Graham Moore
1 year ago
Reply to  Dern

I agree that the definition is hopeless. When I was serving even just a company had its own internal support – a fitter section and an SQMS party. A Bn/Regt had internal support – it had the rest of the LAD/Regt Wksp and an entire QMs dept plus AGC (SPS) support. A Brigade certainly had internal (we called it organic support then) support even if some of it was chopped from other organisations. A Brigade typically had a Sig Sqn, slice of formation recce (16x had Pathfinder Platoon, uniquely), at least a sapper sqn, arty bty, RMP Det, CS REME… Read more »

Daniele Mandelli
Daniele Mandelli
1 year ago
Reply to  Graham Moore

The CS/CSS were fully included in the Bdes ORBATS up to 2010 then for some reason most were shoved into “Groups” or Brigades within Force Troops, even though when in the field and in training as you and Dern say our brigades always have had internal CS/CSS. Examples, the 3 Close Support Armoured Engineer Regiments were placed in a group within 8 Engineer Brigade, even though they directly support 1,12,20 Armoured Brigades. The same happened with their Artillery Regiments. I have never understood for sure why they did this other than an attempt to make the army look bigger on… Read more »

Dern
Dern
1 year ago

It’s less to do with making it look bigger on charts and more with creating better opportunities for CS and CSS commanders to rise up the ranks. How often does an Armoured Infantry Brigade get commanded by a Artillery Officer? Or (heaven forbid) a REME officer?

Daniele Mandelli
Daniele Mandelli
1 year ago
Reply to  Dern

Right, thanks. A REME officer, where’s Graham!?😉

Ian M
Ian M
1 year ago

Can’t beat a good REME officer! I’ve “nurtured” loads in my career🤨

David Barry
David Barry
1 year ago
Reply to  Ian M

I’ve ‘instructed’ some who chose to ignore my… direction… 😉

Graham Moore
Graham Moore
1 year ago

Keeping head below parapet! Dern has a point. A Log Bde could only really be commanded by a REME or RLC Brigadier. An Engr Bde by a Sapper Brigadier. An Arty Bde by a Gunner Brigadier. Allows some 1-star command positions for those outside the Combat Arms, although Gunners and sappers have commanded manouevre bdes before, just not very often. The other advantage of having a RE Bde, such as 8 Engr Bde, is that training of the speciality can be easier. However getting back to the point, it is wrong for NAM to suggest that brigades routinely lack organic… Read more »

Daniele Mandelli
Daniele Mandelli
1 year ago
Reply to  Graham Moore

They would have had supports but they keep removing them, notably in A2020 Refine in 2015 which removed the 5th brigade set of supports. Up till then there were 5 brigades that had the full suite of CS/CSS, 2 of them in 1 (UK) Division.

Strike put an end to that, and some of the CS/CSS of 3 Cdo and 16AA went then too.

Yes, Dern’s point is a good one, I would not ever have thought of that. The benefit of experience.

Armchair Admiral
Armchair Admiral
1 year ago

Given that the precise make up of a brigade is not stated, and the services associated with it have not been defined, it’s a bit of a vague question, and a bit of a vague answer?
AA

grizzler
grizzler
1 year ago

what is ….. 😀

Armchair Admiral
Armchair Admiral
1 year ago
Reply to  grizzler

….exactly! 🥃
AA

BigH1979
BigH1979
1 year ago

Sorry a bit off topic. May be a bit controversial but glad to see that no new investigations into SAS role in Afghan. If these ops from our elite start getting ‘Woked’ and ‘Cancelled’ then we may as well vote Corbyn in and dismantle our whole defence structure. I trust the guys on the ground to take out the legitimate threat, or be better safe than sorry…

Paul.P
Paul.P
1 year ago
Graham Moore
Graham Moore
1 year ago
Reply to  Paul.P

Very interesting. At RARDE in the mid-80s we produced a tele-operated Chieftain in the VT4 Robotics division – and a whole lot more technology demonstrators besides that. Granted, our system was not as sophisticated as Marionette (to be expected given over 35 years passage of time). ‘Crazy Horse’ is now at The Tank Museum, Bovington.

Paul.P
Paul.P
1 year ago
Reply to  Graham Moore

Posted in Army Technology by Peter Felstead. July 13th.
‘Last month it emerged that, with no prospect of Ajax vehicles in sight, Warrior IFVs were, in fact, issued to a squadron of the Royal Dragoon Guards in May to facilitate trials of how armoured cavalry regiments could provide reconnaissance support for the British Army’s new BCTs.
The Royal Dragoon Guards, along with the Household Cavalry Regiment, Royal Lancers, and King’s Royal Hussars, were originally due to be equipped with Ajax AFVs between 2021 and 2024.’

Graham Moore
Graham Moore
1 year ago
Reply to  Paul.P

Thanks Paul, I had missed that story. Evidently someone with clout has decided it is better to use a Warrior IFV as a recce vehicle than soldier on with Scimitar – as an interim solution. Need to kit those WRs out with some good sensors and comms. Are they really better than Scimitars for armoured recce? WRs have a bigger signature, are a little less speedy or agile, have slightly less range, and have no better sensors and comms package?

Paul.P
Paul.P
1 year ago
Reply to  Graham Moore

Wasn’t the original plan for Scimitar to go and some Warriors to be ‘sustained’ as an IFV with a 40mm cannon. Warrior is bigger and twice the weight of Scimitar. Better armoured? Maybe the thinking as you say is that if there’s room inside for crew plus 7/8 men and kit that means there’s room for electronic boxes/ sensors? How many Warriors do we have? Do the Rarden cannon stabilisation thing with them all and convert half to reconnaissance and you’ve rescued both the WCSP and the AJAX program?

Graham Moore
Graham Moore
1 year ago
Reply to  Paul.P

Hi Paul, the original plan was for: Recce/Strike – the entire CVR(T) fleet including Scimitar to be replaced by the Ajax family – that plan still exists but Ajax has hit development problems. IFV – Warriors to be upgraded (Warrior Capability Sustainment Plan) including but not limited to fitting of new turret with 40mm cannon. That plan was cancelled and we will buy more Boxers instead, hopefully they will have aturret and cannon and people might still call them an IFV. Warrior is about 3 times the weight of CVR(T), but a number (50 or 100) of CVR(T)s were significantly… Read more »

Paul.P
Paul.P
1 year ago
Reply to  Graham Moore

For me the biggest issue now is the inservice delay and thr budget problem resulting from both Warrior WCSP failure and what looks like Ajax failure. I think the DCE technology is an opportunity in both cases. Wasn’t the point about Ajax is that it was meant to be strike/reconnaissance not just reconnaissance. So Warrior with this DCE stabilised Rarden plus whatever sensors and comms gets you a credible tracked replacement faster and probably cheaper than say a new Boxer version or CV90. The army could get most of what it wanted except the 40mm cannon. As regards WCSP, again,… Read more »

Graham Moore
Graham Moore
1 year ago
Reply to  Paul.P

I agree that the problems are delay and budget. In June 2020 HoC DSC described the WCSP project as running over three years late and £227 million over budget About a year later it was cancelled and it was announced that Boxer would be procured instead. It remains to be seen if we spend less on Boxer than we would have done on WCSP, if Boxer will be delivered faster than WCSP and whether the army get anything like the same capability. Ajax was originally to be just a recce vehicle and the Strike remit was added later. I have… Read more »