The U.S. Air Force has published a report featuring concept art for the ‘Next Generation Air Dominance’ fighter.

Most details about the aircraft itself,beyond a rough idea of how it might look, remains a mystery due to the programme largely being classified.

According to USNI here, the U.S. Air Force has said that NGAD exists to examine five major technologies that are likely to appear on next generation aircraft, with the goal of enhancements in survivability, lethality, and persistence. It has not specified what four of those technologies are.

“The one acknowledged NGAD-related technology is propulsion. Over the past few years, the Air Force has invested substantially in variable cycle engines. Other likely candidates include new forms of stealth; advanced weapons, including directed energy; and thermal management. The current engine on the F-35 and its variants expected to be on the B-21 produce a tremendous amount of electrical power that can enable new weapons. That could require advanced techniques to manage generated heat, so that it does not become part of the aircraft signatures and make the plane easier to detect.”

Describing the programme, the report says:

“Designed to complement the F-35, F-22, joint, and partner forces in the Air Superiority role, Next Generation Air Dominance is an advanced aircraft program for development of penetrating counter air platforms with multi-domain situational awareness, agile resilient communications, and an integrated family of capabilities.

The program uses a non-traditional acquisition approach to avoid traditional monolithic program schedules and exorbitant life-cycle sustainment costs. This strategy, called the Digital Century Series approach, creates a realistic business case for industry to adopt commercial best practices for key design activities – before a part is even manufactured.”

Background

In September 2020, U.S. Air Force acquisition executive Dr. Will Roper announced that the Air Force had flown a full-scale flight demonstrator as part of the Next-Generation Air Dominance programme.

The announcement came as a surprise to many observers, both as the NGAD program was believed to be an early-phase technology development program unlikely to yield hardware in the near term, and because funding began two years ago, which is unusually fast to design and build a military aircraft.

You can read more about the history of the project here.

Additionally, you can read more about the UK’s own next generation fighter by following the link below.

New image of new British fighter jet

George Allison
George has a degree in Cyber Security from Glasgow Caledonian University and has a keen interest in naval and cyber security matters and has appeared on national radio and television to discuss current events. George is on Twitter at @geoallison

104 COMMENTS

      • Well I would say if it does look like that then I might just be, outside of the program itself at least, the worlds greatest expert upon its aerodynamic performance and flight.characteristics. Because as a kid I just loved taking those large left over polystyrene ceiling tiles splitting them down the middle diagonally and adding a couple of vertical fins and a bit of nose weight. They flew rather well though had a tendency to stall and nose dive occasionally and generally were lucky to last more than 5 or 6 flights without irreparable damage though I suspect material science has come on a fair bit since then. But even then as prototypes they lasted a damn sight longer than Musk’s Starships.

        • Ha ha and Ha ha again !!!! lol, I too experimented with advanced aerodynamic designs based upon Balsa and Paper having long given up trying to get the Airfix stuff to stay aloft. ( why can a 15 ton Metal thing fly so far when a few grams of plastic just nosed dived Stuka style into the ground ! ) I also think Mr Musk is not very clever, how can he be when every test flight ends the same way ?

          • Look at a compilation of Musk crashes and you’ll see that with Falcon at least, there really is a happy ending!
            Here’s to a happy landing (x-fingers) for SN15!

        • I am in awe of you sir, all those wasted polystyrene tiles I could have been launching into the air……what a missed opportunity.

      • I believe it was the great Geoffrey de Havilland who said “if it looks right, it probably is right”. I may be wrong but that was in reference to the proto Mosquito, not yet flown but take a step back and look, just look . . it looked right. The F22 looks right, the F/A-XX looks right, the B-21 looks right. That thing in the header does not 🙂

    • I still don’t get what the F-35 was for then? The USAF have got their fighter, I thought the USN needed a carrier-born air superiority fighter i.e. F/A-xx. ? So now USAF wants a fighter-to-fighter? They are going to order 1,700 F-35s, where would this new righter sit? The former is already costing $1.7 trillion, where are they finding the money for this?

      I guess the US is hellbent on turning the USD into monopoly money at this point, as they know they’re drowning in debt. Might as well ride that world reserve currency status, until the wheels fall off.

      • Joint STRIKE Fighter, not Joint Superiority Fighter.

        With regard to debt, most major Western nations have more of a problem on that score than the US does.

          • I think our debt went to 99% debt to GDP. America is cruising at 130%. However, they have debt out of their eyeballs. Corporate debt, household debt, student debt, credit card debt, state debt, etc.

            By 2025 they’ll be heading for Japanfication at 191%. At that point, their world reserve currency status is pretty much dead. We should move back onto the gold standard before its too late.

          • USA also has a crumbling infrastructure that needs updating bridges,Roads,Railways and buildings they have not maintained. USA was happy to spend what it had and now cannot afford to replace what it has. Hence the tax hikes and cuts to services

          • Post-war UK debt was 240% of GDP! It was brought down to 100% of GDP by 1962.

            So those record highs were not the end of the world moment!

      • As I understand things George, both the USAF and the USN require/want a air superiority fighter. I think that for the USAF it will eventually replace thecF22 despite what the article says. Indeed the USN released some renderings of their version the other week.
        Seems to me that the F35 isn’t measuring up to the sum of all its parts (I know it’s not a air superiority fighter but has to fight other aircraft, especially where nations just have the one type of jet). Perhaps I’m wrong on that score, but, recent developments seem to point otherwise!

        • The Navy seem to want a replacement for the Super Hornet which means Air Superiority and strike missions and preferably two engines. The strike missions seem to be hovering around attacking less defended objectives (of itself or behind F35 defence softening) but rather significantly and importantly able to use greater range than the F35 and/or with greater stand off range weaponry because there are serious doubts about the long term practicality of the F35 longer term when the carriers are increasingly threatened by weapons that keep them at the edge of its range even with their current bomb bay stand off missiles, than latter can change of course. Thus the navy is contemplating less stealth and more range/capacity in that aircraft that increases options and will be about half of onboard strength.

          The airforce I think want a primary Air Superiority stealth aircraft very much in line with the F22 but a level above and far more reliability no doubt. The programs currently seem to be incompatabke in one airframe and presently at least going their own ways.

          • Agree with all of this, truth be told, never saw the sense in only having the one engine for carrier ops, don’t think the USN went much on the idea either, as traditionally the vast majority of their aircraft have always been twin engines for obvious reason.
            I don’t know if the two programmes will ever be able to merge into one type, perhaps the whole F35 venture has put doubt into too many minds. Time will tell, as will costs, so we shall have to wait and see what develops.

          • The USN Navy are really missing the legs that the F14 could deliver. The F18 doesn’t cut it as a fleet defence fighter. The USN are worried about the plethora and disparity of anti-ship missiles threatening the Fleet. The fleet defence fighter is hopefully going to correct the F18s short comings, especially range, thereby pushing out the combat air patrol ring.

          • The only place the 14 cut it was on the silver screen. Deplorable aircraft. The only thing it delivered time and time again was AOG status.

      • “The Joint Strike Fighter program was intended to replace the United States military General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon, A10,F/A-18 Hornet, AV-8B Harrier ll.

        Vice President of Strategy and Business Development for Lockheed Martin Aeronautics, predicted in 2006 that the F-35 would be four times more effective than legacy fighters in air-to-air combat, eight times more effective in air-to-ground combat, and three times more effective in reconnaissance and Suppression of enemy air defences – while having better range and requiring less logistics support and having around the same procurement costs (if development costs are ignored) as legacy fighters.”

        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II_development

    • Whats even funnier is a pattern Clerk in Switzerland dismissing flying machines as Pie in the sky while at the same time discovering Relativity and proving the existence of the Atom while two bicycle mechanics went on to invent the Aeroplane .

  1. I reckon if I was let loose on the crayons I could come up with something fancier with more missiles and stuff. Maybe a couple of gun turrets like the Millenium Falcon as well.

  2. Lets just hope we stick to a deliverable design for Tempest with technologies that work. Ignore what the US is doing to a certain extent. Tempest needs to be a step up from Typhoon and at least on par with anything Russia or China can build. We don’t need to chase “next generation air dominance” in the same way the US will, which will no doubt come at a huge cost.

    • To be fair Rob, Typhoon, upgraded with Radar 2 and the other planned improvements is already better than anything China and Russia can deploy in the next 10 years.

      The Russians seem to be flailing about with troublesome expensive projects that don’t appear to be a huge advance on the Flanker series, particularly the excellent Su35.

      China is advancing very quickly however, with the money to ‘dream it, build it’ (then incrementally modify and fix), aka the J20, they are making extraordinary progress in aviation.

      The particular Chinese blend of
      Command and Market economic models, allows them to do this.

      That said, it appears they are still behind the curve in the area of really advanced electronic systems design and integration…..

      Thank god for that, we still have an edge .. for now anyway!

  3. JUST like I have been saying. We need to move to a flying dorito/triangle design for the Tempest. I got berated by commenters but here it is. The future is no tailerons, no canards, flying triangle, hydrogen, etc.

      • The Aurora secret aircraft that crashed in the UK is something to research. A flying triangle can be made long and thin, able to house a lot of fuel, no tail for better efficiency and take delta design to the next level. It could fly higher than the Typhoon, potentially hit mach 3. RR is working on mach 3 engines with Virgin Galactic.

        I hope people won’t berate me anymore. It’s coming lads. Best start being a believer now. Flying triangle, hydrogen, no tailorons, no canards, mach 3 capable, and internal bay missiles. When you think of it, its absolutely possible and downright lethal to any fighter flying today.

        • One story was that the aircraft that crashed at Boscombe Down in 1994 was a Lockheed Have Blue. However, that is disputed as only two aircraft were officially built and both apparently destroyed in crashes in Nevada during 1978 and 1979. One suggestion is that a third Have Blue was secretly built and flown until the crash at Boscombe.

        • I’ve not read any suggestions that was Aurora, which was actually a codename for the B2. I believe an Aurora type exists BTW.

          The most credible reports of the Boscombe incident i have read was that it was actually a YF23 type, which should have been the winner of the ATF programme.

          • I have been advocating for a triangular design fighter. To be more stealthy, we could blow jet thrust through the control surfaces for cruising or deeper penetration into a hostile airspace. Of course, when the pilots need to make an aggressive maneuvre they can use the control surfaces conventionally. And we make rudder flaps on the wings fly-by-wire. This involves taking tech from BAE Magma and Taranis to the next level.

            I think Tempest should look something like that in the attached photo.

            Perhaps we could advance on the heat-absorbing tile technology that was in the YF23’s thrust nozzles?

      • No, that’s so 1940s and 50s.
        Many “UFO” sightings are Triangular. It’s no coincidence. Plenty of FT sightings over the UK in the early 90s and one that Neatishead tracked from Belgium to the UKADR. Another flew over RAF Cosford.

        • And of course the 1990 Chris Gibson sighting of an FT refuelling from KCs over the North Sea.
          If anyone wants any proof there’s stuff up there as yet unacknowledged the MoDs Own UFO report that redacted 2 photos of ongoing programmes will do, and articles from boom operators from the dedicated USAF Squadron that refuels black world aircraft.

          • I have no doubt that we have special projects cooking up as we speak. I just hope it can be utilised in our future aircraft and its not purely just as academic exercise.

    • Liquid Hydrogen will never be used as fuel for a fighter type of aircraft, due to the equivalent volume required compared to jet fuel. The much larger volume will require a significantly larger aircraft, at a minimum twice a large.

      • For now maybe mate, I’m sure some clever clogs down the line will invent a ‘you can’t bend it’ that will make it happen. Its kind of how things go.

      • For now yes. But with better tank technology etc, as well as the triangular shape to store more fuel, it will be the future. Hydrogen needs massive infrastructure change/investment, but Airbus is already planning for hydrogen commerical airline travel. It will become the future. It might not be in the first half of this century, but it will beyond 2050. Electric cars are now becoming the norm for goodness sake. Something experts throught would take until 2040-50. But tech is moving very, very fast nowadays.

  4. Interesting layout.

    Bit noddy the “V1 to n” idea of changing weapons, engines and components. That just looks like powerpoint engineering from a GCSE project.

    Actually changing engines was so expensive in terms of design and certification for F35 they binned it. What revolution has occurred that would obviate needing to go through those processes?

    As for new weapons, well blow me down with feather, what a unqiue concept to upgrade the weapons a combat aircraft carries…

  5. This is like the published art of the F117 before it was made public.

    It’s got some good points but from the picture’s angle a lot of bad points.

      • Yes, because the aircraft holds a flesh sack, it is designed to perform better in the positive g mode rather than the negative. As humans can cope with a higher positive g than a negative. The aircraft is in general designed around this, which is among some of the reasons why engine intakes are below the wing, especially for aerobatic aircraft like fighters. Putting the intake above the wing does have a stealth advantage in that the intake is shielded from ground based radar.

        However, depending on where the intake is placed, it will have a detrimental affect on the aerobatics the aircraft can safely perform. The Vulcan had leading edge intakes, yet at very high angles of attack, the turbulence off the lower leading edge would cause the engine to pop and surge, as it struggled to breath. Conversely, the B2 has additional upper bypass doors that are opened up when taking off, to mitigate the fuselage blocking the airflow into the intake.

        The above image shows the intake placed parallel to the fuselage, set back from the swept leading edge. On one side of the intake there is a a fair bit of wing skin, whilst at the other there is much less. This means that the air flowing into the intake will not be smooth. When the aircraft is flying at a high angle of attack, the intake will be blocked by a large potion of this bit of wing, therefore suffocating the engine. So it must have additional bypass door, that open at high angles of attack. But as it is a fighter aircraft, they will need to be very large to cope with the high rate pitch/roll movements. Therefore, its likely there will be additional bypass doors under the fuselage.

        Russian aerodynamicists are some of the best ion the World, they are not stupid or complacent. They will look at this image and go, really!

        Don’t get me started on the twin fins, that look like they fold flush into the wing!

        • Excellent post.

          Yes I don’t like the air intakes beside the cockpit in the Tempest mockup either. The F-35 has intakes beside but that’s because it needs the larger bay for bombs. Tempest is F2F, so I hope they change that. Makes the aircraft too fat as well. I think we should opt for a flying triangle, kind of like a F117, but much tighter, no tailerons and intakes that are flatter but underneath the fuselage. Because of the triangular shape, you can afford to flatten the air intakes, thereby reducing the signature.

          Maybe they want a stealthy fighter that turns itself from a flying triangle, into a fighter when the pilot sees fit? air intakes above wings, fins that fold…maybe that would be its high stealth cruise setting?

          • The Tempest will Not just be F2F, but a multi-role fighter as well, like the Typhoon which it is to replace. The Tempest will most likely have internal bays like F-35 as well. It will be the professional aerospace engineers at BAES that will decide on the eventual shape of Tempest, Not You!

          • Could you put “meow” at the end of every comment. Sums up your petty contributions on this website.

          • Your reply to my realistic reply to your previous comment, sums you up as very petty person indeed!

            I was just trying to tell you to you to
            let the professional aerospace engineers at BAES to get on with their job of designing Tempest next gen fighter aircraft.
            What the country does Not want, is out of control development costs!

            Tantrums of a fantastic, it seems?

      • No, present thinking is to go side or preferably top, mostly for stealth reasons. Obviously the presence of a pilot(s) have a say in this.

        • You can’t fudge aerodynamics, the airflow will do what’s easiest or it will diverge and break up by separating and swirling creating wasted emery vortices and drag. Therefore, there must be a compromise to maintain the airflow to the intake, if this aircraft is expected to do aggressive maneuvers. Perhaps they’ll use large maneuvering leading edge extensions like those used on the Su57. These would help to try to maintain a laminar flow to the intake as well as providing high alpha lift and control. These undoubtedly will be less stealthy than a fixed leading edge, but airflow may be more important.

          As I mentioned by placing the intake above the wing you can shield them from ground based radar, but also look up radar’s on aircraft. So perhaps like the F22, this design is going to be operating above conventional fighter ceilings, i.e. above 45,000ft. This would kind of make sense as the USAF are looking at the long range AMRAAM replacement the AIM-260. This BVR missile has a similar range to Meteor, but is not ramjet powered. So theoretically can be used at a much higher altitude.

          This aircraft design will be outclassed as a pure dog fighter like the F22, much like a F16 can out turn a F35. However, as a long range stealthy interceptor carrying very long rang BVR missiles this design makes sense, so long as the come up with a solution of maintaining the airflow into the intake.

          • I agree, we’re talking about a air superiority fighter here, aerodyamics cannot be compromised too that extent. But maybe for a 6th gen fighter bomber, I’d agree with Spy, have them side by side but never on top.

  6. Perhaps the USAF are trolling the communists?
    Why would they expose the shape of this proposal at this time?
    The shape is like a F117, which itself was not a fighter.

  7. The most interesting thing is it apears to have variable vertical tails,down flat for maximum stealth and vertical for WVR.

  8. A solution without a problem? Unless the USA and the UK with FCAS can break the pattern of exponential cost growth, neither of these projects will achieve delivery.
    The F35 is planned to stay in service until 2070, F22 until 2060. Looking at the history of F15,16,18, these dates are not unrealistic. So what gap in the inventory is this supposed to fill?

    • The UK with Tempest, is supposed to be a replacement of the Typhoon multi-role aircraft. If the ambition is a 5.5 Gen successor to Typhoon, a product could be deliverable by 2035. If a more ambitious 6 gen successor is in process, it will be unlikely deliverable before 2040.

  9. It does not seem to have a big enough nose for a high performance AESA intercept radar. It could be a stealthy attack aircraft to replace F-15E Strike Eagles perhaps?

    • I read Ben Rich’s book on his time with Skunk works & I wonder if this is one of the F-117 follow-ons that Lockheed offered the USAF in the 1990s, that did not proceed.

  10. Interestingly the wing shape itself is not dissimilar to the F22 it’s just like the nose and tail has been squashed into it. I really do think that the demonstrator announcement last Sept was a combination of Trump hype needing to allay public fears they were falling behind Russia/China, what with their announcements of advanced projects to counter combined most like with in essence an F22 with a range of updates and general developments as a flying demonstrator enabling him to make that claim. The lack of any sort of informed renderings tend to back that up it’s the PR they needed. It’s just a feeder into something more real being developed as part of this program.

  11. Notable in the report it says that this wont be a mass produced fighter but will be an iteratively upgraded platform in small batches, i.e. they would produce a dozen, tweak the design, produce another dozen, tweak the design and so on…

    If you reduced the scale from hundreds to dozens its actually got a lot in common with British WW2 fighter development where they would continually iterate around an engine upgrade or tweaked aerodynamics.

  12. It has been suggested that a prototype for the F-22 replacement may already be flying and also, a design concept for a F-35 replacement is well advanced. Knowing how the US military is constantly looking into the future, I can accept the idea that there must be a number of classified programmes that are actively being progressed at places such as Area 51 in Nevada.

  13. The article does not discuss what is really at the heart of the USAF’s NGAD. (The US Navy is going is own separate way on a sixth generation fighter). The USAF no longer plans to have airplane manufacturers design, build demonstrators, and then compete for fighter contracts. The acquisition process will now split design, production and sustainment. Whoever designs an aircraft may not get the production contract and whoever gest the production contract may not sustain the aircraft in the field. Its a reallocation of roles and is designed to open Air Force programs to firms that aren’t traditional military players. This runs analogous to the AF’s desire to move from long runs of one aircraft to short runs of different designs which supposedly is more flexible and economical. That’s the plan, anyway. If you buy into it, then the release of an artist’s concept really doesn’t mean that much.

  14. The rendering reminds me a bit of the THAP ( Tactical High Altitude Penetrator ) design from the 80s, but with B2 shaped saw tooth trailing edges.

  15. One should always remember these generations of aircraft design taken many years to fruition.We wii live in a world eventually where these craft will be robotic con trolled as the world heads into the 21st century.
    One thing for certain theadvancement of air sea and land is gathering more speed now,as new threats emerge, being one step ahead.
    Stabilty today instability tomorrow.

  16. Don’t really see the point of the F35. Not really a stop gap, if it is, it’s a VERY expensive stop gap! B version is probably the most capable and practical. But we’ve paid up and are stuck with this pig. Don’t get why UK is stalling on buying more though because to fill 2 operational carriers and look credible, we will need more. Can’t fly anything else off them. We’re did we park those old but capable Sea Harriers again…….? I bet Cameron’s ‘cats and traps’ had the Navy brass drooling. Imagine that, a proper aircraft carrier that can fly ‘big planes’. But no, wasn’t to be. Dream big, go small.

    F22 is dated and also very expensive. USAF buying newer F15’s and probably F16’s just to be able to compete with China and Russia. Uk should have done the same years ago.
    B21 will be very late, and very over budget. B1’s will be flown to death. Can they build some more B52’s?! Or get them back from the bone yard?

    Tempest will be a joke, utterly unaffordable for us to even think we can do this. Look at Tornado and Eurofighter. Very expensive, very late and almost obsolete upon entering service.

    phew!

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