The Ministry of Defence has issued a ‘Request for Information’ to industry looking for British shipyards to participate in the Fleet Solid Support Ship programme.
The RFI states:
“The Authority is interested in expressions of interest from UK shipyards who are capable of making a meaningful contribution to the manufacture of three (3) Fleet Solid Support (FSS) ships for the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) and Royal Navy (RN) by 2032. In line with the Contract Notice for the FSS Procurement published on 21st May 2021, one of the Authority’s Procurement Objectives is that integration of all FSS ships and installation of sensitive systems subject to national security restrictions will be carried out in the UK.”
The request also states:
“The Procurement Kick-Off event will mark the start of the Competitive Procurement Phase (CPP) with Bidders and UK shipyards, and is scheduled to take place at the Aztec Hotel, Bristol on 1 September 2021. UK shipyards will be invited to attend from 12.00 midday for the networking segment of this Kick-Off Event.
The opportunity for UK shipyards to become involved formally in the Procurement will be via Bidders in the FSS Procurement, representatives of whom will be present at the Kick-Off event following the award of CPP Contracts. Agendas for the Kick-Off event will be provided as part of the formal invitation.”
What are the Fleet Solid Support Ships?
Earlier this year, Defence Secretary Ben Wallace launched a competition to build three new Fleet Solid Support Ships to provide vital support to Royal Navy operations across the world.
The vessels will provide munitions, food, stores and provisions to support the UK Carrier Strike Group at sea.
DE&S’ Director General Ships, Vice Admiral Chris Gardner, said previously:
“The launch of the Fleet Solid Support competition presents a really exciting opportunity for the shipbuilding industry to support the design and build of a new class of ship that will primarily resupply our Queen Elizabeth Class aircraft carriers. It is also another step in implementing the National Shipbuilding Strategy and increasing our domestic maritime construction capacity and capability alongside the Type 26 and Type 31 programmes already underway. The FSS ships will join the QEC Task Group, carrying out replenishment at sea to supply stores and ammunition to sustain operations, which is essential to meeting the UK’s defence commitments. To do this the ships will be able to transfer loads of more than two tonnes at a time while at high speed.”
What’s the status of the programme?
The Fleet Solid Support Ship project has been given an “amber/red” rating by the Infrastructure Project Authority, warning that the cancellation and resumption of the competition to build the vessels placed the £1.6bn project at significant risk.
The project was suspended in October 2019 following suggestions that efforts were being made to relaunch the project with a requirement that the ships be built in the UK. The competition was later relaunched, you can read more about this at the link below.
Great to see process get underway …again… but interesting that the focus appears to be on shipyards who can make a ‘meaningful contribution’ (which sounds like as part of a multi yard modular approach). Has the conceot and FEED design and marine architecture etc already been finalised or is that running in parallel? I would have thought the initial focus would be shortlisting lead contractors who can design, project manage and integrate multi other parties including various yards.
…concept and FEED design…
Sounds to me this is moving towards the Tide type construction…ie overseas and fit out in the uk! ☹😤
At this stage, who really cares, we just need the ships. It’s not like this is an additional capability that non-essential and can wait whilst endless policitical deals are done and be used as an endless PR stunt for brexit.
Disagree totally, these are the very ships that will help rebuild a national ship building capability…
Bucket of cold water truth time AV: The UK has a national ship building capacity but it is narrowly focussed primarily on complex warship construction for a single customer the UK MOD. Due to feast and famine when it comes to orders over the decades it has little to capacity to do anything else. In respect of commercial ship building three FSS will not be the catalyst that rebuilds that as a national industry especially those built using distributed construction. The shipping industry buys commercial ships from those yards that can supply them quickly and at the lowest price. A… Read more »
Good points but your post simply highlights the reality of the situation as is. I’m not for one moment suggesting that these 3 ships would suddenly change that but its got to start somewhere. Decades of decline from a once great shipbuilding nation needs refreshed thinking and a fundamental shift in attitude. The reality of where we are now shouldn’t be reason for more of the same.
Well I hate to break it to you but it was decades of decline from a large but deeply inefficient shipbuilding industry that relied upon a captive market. A fundamental shift in attitude won’t change the fact that a shipyard worker in the UK expects to be paid far more than one in Vietnam. I also beg to differ you very much did state that these 3 FSS would be the catalyst to rebuild UK commercial shipbuilding.
Lol, this is the very attitude that’s got us to where we are!…tell that to the good people who build boaty mc boatface!..
Love splitting hairs with people that love splitting hairs but ‘help’ is not the same as ‘the’ catalyst. Trained welders, dock space (indeed yards themselves) and supply chains take time to build back up. That kind of build up takes decades, any orders are good orders and all ‘help’.
Boaty McBoatface is late, over budget and has had numerous defects. It would have been quicker and easier to go to a foreign yard for that contract. It is not about splitting hairs but rather simple reality of economics! You can build up supply chains and trained welders but that doesn’t mean there is a market for what they could make. The commercial shipping industry is ruthless about the bottom line and there is no way that the UK ship building industry can compete with yards in Asia on that. European shipyards are struggling and the 1000lb Gorilla in the… Read more »
Dont dispute anything your saying but simply we shouldn’t be basing a long term strategy on where we are now. Be that shipping, aerospace nor automotive industries.
I think that would require a massive culture shift AV and while I doubt many on here are against it, that doesn’t mean its likely to happen. Really not wanting to get into politics but can you see the current rulers being keen on forcing companies to ‘buy British’. While the alternative are unlikely to be in for a while, they don’t seem too likely to push it either.
I’m not against long term strategic planning or growth in the UK Shipbuilding industry but it needs to be realistic in scope. Ideally we need growth in niche areas of specialism and build upon that.
Yes get where you’re coming from. I just dont think there’s an easy route to specialism but nor do I think we’re ever going to be able to compete with say the South Koreans. I do however firmly believe in that one thing usually leads to another and that sometimes a less than ideal project can have significant benefits to an industry. Take the 2nd Rivers for example. No one in their right mind would commission a batch of those at that price point or specification but it was a necessary evil (albeit a contractual one) to get us forwards… Read more »
https://defence.nridigital.com/global_defence_technology_mar21/infrastrata_ceo_john_wood_on_the_future_of_uk_shipbuilding
This spells it out clearer than I can ever convey. Cheers
No offence AV but the guy who has just bought H&W and Appledore has a vested interest in the UK placing orders in his yards so will be pushing for just that.
I’m all for more ship building in the UK but having another nose in the government spending trough maybe isn’t the best way to do it. You can’t blame him for wanting his share though.
The largest shipyards in the world include Fincantieri in Italy, Meyer Werft in Germany, STX Europe with locations in Finland and France, there not exactly going out of business. Even with EU rules about competition they find ways of fudging the rules for stategic industry, something we seem unable to do
By revenue 2019
1Hyundai Heavy IndustriesUSD 39.33 billionUlsan, South Korea
2STX Offshore & ShipbuildingUSD 16.96 billionChangwon, South Korea
3DSMEUSD 12.76 billionSouth Gyeongsang, South Korea
4Samsung Heavy IndustriesUSD 8.58 billionSamsung Town, Seoul, South Korea
5Sumitomo Heavy IndustriesUSD 6.59 billionTokyo, Japan
6FincantieriUSD 5.17 billionTrieste, Italy
7United Shipbuilding CorporationUSD 5.1 billionMoscow and Saint Petersburg, Russia
8CSSCUSD 29.79 billionHaidian District, Beijing, China
9Sembcorp MarineUSD 1.18 billionTanjong Kling Road, Singapore
10Tsuneishi ShipbuildingUSD 1.55 billionHiroshima, Japan
Other source
https://www.maritimemanual.com/shipbuilding-companies/
Exactly there are several economies on par with ours there. If they can make it work why can’t we? Japan Italy, US has shipyards?
Unless it’s that before other governments are subsidising but we played by Eu rules, unlike some even in the eu
US do not have shipyards except those that work for Government so they are in same situation as UK – maybe even worse since they had to got a frigate from….. Italy Japan have and Italy have, but they are established, have a lot reputation. Fincantieri have in their books something like 40 cruise ships in project or being build. So unless UK shipyard have much less cost or have some brilliant idea they are dead in water. Less cost can be achieved by subsidies by taxpayer, but money that goes there do not go to other places where might… Read more »
Hardly cos they launch enough hard ware to keep multiple yards going
I think you have missed out that foreign shipbuilders like the Korea’s are being sanctioned by the WTO for illegal subsidies:
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/02/03/business/japan-wto-south-korean-shipbuilding/
you also miss that net tax take from building in the UK.
The biggest European shipbuilding company is not Damen, it is Fincantieri.
Think this disgusting attitude of “ship building industry is gone so it’s too late” is ridiculous. Also so what if U.K. workers are paid more? Usually when done abroad half of it needs correcting anyway. The major point previous governments have ignored on both sides is as long as we are less than double the price it’s better in the U.K. 1 it’s a national security issue, the 5 global economies abov us would never do this abroad or allow industries to fade for national security reasons. 2 it costs far more than they say to fix all the issues… Read more »
Exactly 👍….have you viewed the link I posted above…great read.
Just read mate👍
Nice one, sums it up better than anything I could possibly post. Plus highlights the benefit of MOD contracts to a resurgent commercial shipping sector. 100 vessels!…we could only dream!
How do you start an industry with no reputation of quality, time schedule commercial shipbuilding with high prices?
You don’t, unless heavily subsidised by British taxpayers.
There is a big difference to the financial viability of giving the contract to a UK yard and the ability or willingness of those yards to build such ships. You are correct that if the cost is a bit above foreign yards then it makes sense to build them here as the additional cost is balanced by tax takings etc. However we just do not have that sort of capacity and I suspect they would cost massively more than purchasing a hull from Korea. To the point where it is simply not viable for what ought to be reasonably cheap… Read more »
Andy from what I see people in this country are very quick to condemn the government for not buying British, but are more than happy to have German car parked outside. Pre covid we imported nearly £60b in value of vehicles. If 10% more people bought British made cars that’s £6b p.a. plus for the economy which makes a £1.5b ship building contract that will probably amount to less than £0.3b p.a look fairly insignificant. The success of our industries is far more in the hands of the ordinary people than the government imo. Successive governments have award every contract… Read more »
It can’t start with 3 ships. To have a national shipbuilding strategy we need more yards capable of building lots of ships. The promise of just 3 ships is not going to make companies take the risk of building all that infrastructure. If the promise was for 20-30 ships then it would be worth the effort and risk but that is not going to happen. There are plenty of shipyards all over the world that have perfected building these cheap commodity ships any UK yard looking to go into that market would be competing directly for their business and cheap… Read more »
Last time I checked only one small yard was left that was focused on commercial shipbuilding and that concentrated on small ferries for the Scottish islands.
And those orders come from the Scottish government🙈
See above link, cheers.
I sort of agree with both of you, on one hand, absolutely, they need to be part of the UK shipbuilding strategy …. On the other, ask the RN and they will tell you they couldn’t give a rat’s ass who builds them, give us the bloody ships!!
AV. I’m with you. It is time for GB to launch a new ship building facility. Or at least revitalise an old one. Not modular construction, a covered single site full build location, with a skilled workforce. NOT a stunt. A much needed core industry.
👍
Evening George, think that’s what they’re trying to put back in place at H&W Belfast. If you’ve time please view my above link to this. Cheers
And who is going to do that? Are we talking about a government owned yard? What will it do in the large number of years between orders?
The issue with the national ship building capability is too small orders that are constantly delayed. Yet another massively delayed order of 2 ships is not going to rebuild anything. The industry needed to learn to stand on its own two legs and not rely on government orders, which it failed to do decades ago whilst foreign yards did and now get the orders as they have the experience and facilities for commercial construction.
Please check out the link posted above, great read and clearly shows the difference a couple of hulls could make. Cheers
I haven’t had a chance to read the link fully, but its an interview with the head of a ship building firm, who is clearly biased towards ensuring the money goes his way. I would rather an independent review that shows that public money spent propping up the ship building industry was good value for money for the tax payer. I would like someone to explain to me what the national defence arguement is, considering most of our military gear is now brought and made overseas and couldn’t be domesticated in the event of a war. Even the stuff we… Read more »
I think if you read the link you’ll get a better perspective…great overview of a military/commercial private venture direction..
How is that going to happen if no UK shipyard wants to build them? (As was the case in the original bidding process)
Hi AV, I think it is more likely to be assembly and fit out in the UK as a minimum with the possibility of some modules being built overseas i.e. by Navantia in Spain. I suspect the reason for this is the recent takeover by Navantia of Harland & Wolf and Appledore. Navantia have been pushing a technology transfer element as H&F in particular have been out of the big ship construction business for quite sometime I believe. As such there is the possibility of a reasonable competition between Navantia and Cammell Laird could lead to a pretty respectable outcome… Read more »
Yes agree …would be sensible and balanced whilst H&W investment would be industry driven.
We just need a steady turn towards a larger established domestic workforce and capability.
This isn’t going to happen overnight as quite frankly the capability simply isn’t there at the moment to pick up all these projects.
*capacity
Dont think Navantia have taken over H&W. They simply have an agreement in place with the owners Infrastrata to use the sites. Cheers
Hi AV,
Thanks for the correction, I believe you are right.
Cheers CR
Which was the original plan anyway…
Which shipyards have the capacity for this or will it be like the carriers and many yards build pieces to spread the work?
What’s the most realistic options.
H&W Belfast and CL are the two realistically available yards with the space to build FSS.
None have the capacity or the appropriate experience, which is why wording about “meaningful contribution to the manufacture” have slipped into the RFI.
So constructed probably in Spain in modules then assembled here and call it British built?
Maybe, there are a number of possibilities.
I noticed it specifically states three ships, not 2-3 as before. Sounds hopeful we’ll actually get 3 then.
3 ships is great but I had hoped we’d be looking at getting them sooner than 2032.
Hi Andy P,
I agree. However I read that to be the delivery of all 3 vessels by 2032 so a replacement for Fort Victoria in 8ish years time being optimistic. 11 years to run a restarted competition undertake at least the detailed design and build of 3 ships is pretty good by resent standards.
We’ll see.
Cheers CR
Rereading it, I think you’ve got the right of it CR, it does seem to be for the 3 of them and that does seem a realistic timescale (to this amateur anyway).
It won’t be long before we’re ranting about them not having any Seaceptor fitted and not enough 57 mil bofors etc. 😂
I suspect they will have the capability to carry Phalanx… oh and a few machine guns.
Just to help it along 😂 😂
Cheers CR
😂 ….. its an outrage ! 😡
I’m not an unreasonable man, but I would hope for a “fitted for, but not with” magazine and structural well for a single triple 12″ naval gun turret with a vertical launch cruise missile silo built on top and direct energy weapons mounted on the sides….
I think you forgot the phased array radar and ABM capability…. 😀
Now that’s just unreasonable Trevor, let’s keep it to realistic requirements 🤣🤣
OK John, I was trying to cover for potential difficulties in supplying your triple 12″ turret. If I recall corectly, the RN last specified guns of that calibre in 1909 (and never as a triple) so retained stocks might be a problem. Big guns were always the critical long lead item anyway and I kinda doubt anybody knows how to make them any more.
Anything less is a dereliction of duty by The Pusser, heads should roll…..
Now where do we stand with the helo facilities ????? 🤔
I’m leaning towards a hanger that can accommodate 4 Chinooks. Plus a shitload of assorted drones natch. 😉
Andy P, and why not. Fort Vic was designed to carry Sea Wolf, but it was never fitted. Support ships will operate sometimes alone as they will need to go to a port somewhere for reloading of stores. So a good self defence system is needed, either that or they will need a frigate escort. So a fit of 12 Sea Ceptors or a Sea RAM would be a good idea plus two Phalanx would give the FSS a good all round anti air ability. I know if I was an enemy commander I would take out the supply ships… Read more »
Uh huh and every manjack of us on here agrees with you what then ????
I’m with CR, it will have 1 or 2 (sometimes) phalanx and maybe a couple of 30mm or the like. Now that we have the 40 and 57mm’s I would be happy to have either (or both) of these, same with a short range anti air/missile system but if it doesn’t I’ll not be taking it personally.
Its funny though how its always the bangsticks and missiles (or lack of) that seem to upset folk the most, not the speed/range/ECM capability etc.
And for a supply ship speed, range and ECM, etc. might be the more useful as you may well ‘hear’ the enemy approaching and be able to avoid contact in the first place…
Just a thought…
Cheers CR
Looks like good news. Was a bit concerned by the idea of the MRSS that seemed to be floating around. Do we think that three ships means rule of three or perhaps two operational simultaneously?
Hi Viceroy,
Probably 2 available most of the time, but that does not mean actually at sea. Basically, anything between 48hours and a couple of weeks at normal peace time tier 1 readiness means that if you need them in a rush then they can be brought forward quickly. Sorry if you already knew this.
Cheers CR
Thanks for the reply. One in maintenance or refit, one working up and one at sea at all times? Presumably aligned with QEC operational tempo? I’m also wondering about FSS requirements for the planned LRGs, particularly the East of Suez one.
Hi Viceroy, Pretty much yes, although ‘maintenance’ does not necessarily mean a lower readiness as this is often carried out by the crew with support from the dockyard. The work undertaken is such that you can quickly put the ship back together can get out to sea within 48 to 72 hours. Gunbuster, who has actual experience in this field, gave a very could explanation of the difference between maintenance alongside and a full on refit. Unfortunately, in my exprience the word refit is often used to describe a maintenance period… Confusing, eh! Certainly had me fooled 🙂 As for… Read more »
MRSS is still floating around, but it’s not designed to be a FSS replacement project (in fact it’s not meant to carry dry stores at all AFAIK), it’s a Hydrographic survey ship/Bay/Albion replacement IIRC.
So I interpret ‘meaningful contribution’ to mean build modules and/or assemble and/ or fit out.
Navantia design > H&W > Cammell Laird > Appledore?
Hi Paul.P,
I’d add BMT to the list on the design side. Babcock might pile in on the build side as there is little or nothing in the big dry docks at Rosyth at the moment I believe.
However, I think that BAE Systems have the T26 and submarine programme and Babcock the T31 so there may be a desire to spread the treasure around the country a bit. Big programmes like this are as much about politics as capability, which is fair enough given that tax payers across the country are footing the bill.
Cheers CR
Hi CR, good spot, I think BMT did the design for the Tides so they must be in contention.
It’s good to see this project moving forwards and encouraging the way they have framed the process; similar to the T31 RFI process but with ‘ contribution’ making an assumption of split site build. Basically show us what you can do.
BMT are partnered with Navantia. I believe the plan is to build the first hull in Spain then the next two in H&W. Staff from H&W will be trained in Spain then go back to H&W to outfit and build ships 2 and 3. That way skills are relearned and expanded, H&W gets work, Navantia gets a look-in on UK business and the ship building load is spread around the UK. Sounds like a good plan.
Wow! Sounds like they have their ducks in a row as the saying goes..
What’s the plan for Rosyth docks post carriers?…not even sure they’ve bid for the carrier dry dock maintenance contract.
To paraphrase an old saying ” a week is a long time in shipbuilding”. Last week these ships were under threat. Now, apparently they never were.
Always take a news headline with a large pinch of salt. Same happened with Tempest.
So if i get this right we now only have 1 solid stores ship supporting the fleet? the other two Forts laid up and won’t get extra capacity for probably min 5 years? so much for global 🙁 need to refit another Fort so we can actually support both carriers and have 1 available 365
Hi Steve, Yup, one solid store ship. So yeh are ability to support a CSG on our own is limited by that ship’s availability. However, we are still better off than the French Navy that only has one carrier, one of our carriers can at least pull alongside an allied store ship to resupply while we regenerate the FSS capability. When the CDG is in refit that’s a big and predictable hole in French capability. Certianly, we should have had this capability sorted by now, its not as if the MoD / previous governments did not know this was coming.… Read more »
The poor state of the RFA, seriously impeads and threatens the sovereign CVS capability….
We’ve allowed the once hugely impressive RFA to run into the ground over the last 30 years.
The RFA needs a ground up recapitalisation programme, with immediate effect, to match the Royal Navy recap programme.
Isn’t that already happening though?
4 x tides
3 x FSS
5/6 x MRSS (allegedly)
Pretty impressive rebuild if it is done right.
” Networking segment of this Kick off event”. FFS who writes this crap? At least for once we were spared ” world leading” and ” global Britain”.
Sort of good news, though I still don’t understand why it has taken so long to get to this stage.
I tend to skim these statements, they’re total bollox business speak and it wouldn’t surprise me if they’re designed to put people off reading them. I tend to read the comments by people who have taken the time to ‘desconstruct’ them. The alternative is those who utter such drivel genuinely think people are impressed by it… No ! Shirley not 😮
Does anyone know why these ships are so expensive? They are not going to be full of high end sensors and weapons and we are told that steel is cheap.
I know RFA Victoria went way over budget to>£200m back in 1993 but that was partly because of the rebuild costs after the IRA bombing.
Hi Peter, With regards to cost I think they are going to be pretty big. This article on Navy Lookout from 2017 suggested 30,000tons and I think there will be some level of automated cargo handling system (although I vaguely remember reading that a QEC type handling system will not now be specified). I also think that they have a higher level of damage control fitted than would be expected on a purely merchant spec’ed ship. I know that they will be built to merchant standards with defence standards applied in specific areas. For example, there will obviously be a… Read more »
Thanks for the info. I tried to access the Gov site detailing the specification but couldn’t. I presume that they will be double hulled like the Tides?
Given the size of the carriers and the likelihood they will mostly operate with an air group well below capacity, are they less dependent on resupply than previous UK carriers?
Hi Peter, While I was still in the business I was involved in responding to a number of RFI’s. They are very very boring things to fill out. The RFI will describe what information that MoD is looking for and consists of a standard questionaire to establish the basic capabilities and financial viability of the enterprise. As such it will likely not include a detailed specification of the platform to be built as it is unnecessary for this exercise. Rather they will ask about the yards fabrication capabilities, for example, areas of particular expertise and recent projects with some kind… Read more »
HI Peter,
Just replied to your post with regards to the cost, but it is ‘awaiting approval’..?
Cheers CR
Should Scotland’s shipyards be excluded until after any referendum. They may become a foreign country.
That idea ensures they will be.
With the Scottish yards full and with an impending referendum on Scottish independence coming along the road the MOD would be wise to build capacity in other areas of the union. These builds should be used to resurrect ship building, in blocks, in Northern Ireland, the north east, north west and south of England.
Spot on!…
There’s no impending legal referendum, and the Catalans can tell you what happens when you hold an illegal one 🤷♂️
“and with an impending referendum on Scottish independence coming along the road”
Did I miss something on the news this morning ????
Absolutley correct. I recall the problems of kick starting our submarine manufacturing for B2TC (ASTUTE class). Though skills may be different to shipbuilding we perhaps need to consider whether it is possible to somehow integrate the building of ships and submarines to maintain a UK manufacturing ‘drum beat’. It would make sense to ensure that we have commonality by using ‘Open Systems’ on the electronic side. Might we consider using submarine nuclear reactors in large surface vessels – greener, saves having vessels tied alongside when we cannot afford the fuel, etc., though I accept other limitations. With the exception of… Read more »
If this is about starting a ship building industry it has to been at the correct sites and will be government funded for a while as I doubt the uk can compete on all but highly specialist ships. Call it rebuilding the rfa etc, For area Glasgow and rosyth are only an hour away from each other by land so skills can be shared. Northern Ireland again is not that far away from Glasgow by sea. So first thought has to be, how and where can we build ships that are in demand and are we able to compete in… Read more »
British shipbuilders are one of the best or the best in the world as history will define
It is a good policy to utilise the skills which this country has in building
We need to build these as Commander Rasputin is expanding its naval fleets and also the Chinese Dragon spreading too.
The Royal Navy should have had a increase in fleet capacity years back down to previous cut backs.
This is welcome news and long may it continue
Stabilty one day Instability the next day.
There are no world commercial shipbuilding of note in Great Britain, same more or less in USA. Major UK and US shipbuilders are not on free world market, they basically just build warships for the government.
AS i recall this build was put out to tender some two or three years ago and no British yard was interestered Yet the howls from the Unions ignored that fact .
Also it appears that we could not compete on price with Korea et al
So the same matters today and Tax payers will have to sub the extra for a Brtish build
GDP PPP per capita
United Kingdom 2020 44,916.2
Korea 2020 43,124.3
It is not like they have very cheap salaries…
We don’t pay on the basis of PPP but on the value of nominal currencies. Korean wages are significantly lower than in the UK. That’s why Korean built ships are cheaper. It’s also why Denmark had the hulls of their Iver Huitfeldt frigates built in Estonia and Lithuania.
That is correct but the wages are not significantly lower without PPP. about 4/5.
All New build ships for the Royal Navy must be built in a U.K. shipyards
To be optimistic is seems that there is an attempt to decouple the design and build contracts – a bit like with the carriers. Design went to Thales, but the ACA was formed to build the ships under the leadership of BAe (the losing design authority). So maybe the winning design will then be rolled into an ACA type contract for the winning builders – ensuring the work is spread around the UK shipyards. H&W, Babcock Rosyth have yards that could carry out final assembly of large vessels (H&W will need investment), but many others could and should build blocks.